Greek Civilization Chapter 4 pages Content Standard 2: Greek Civilization and its impact on later civilizations. Legacy of law, engineering and technology, art and architecture as well as literature and history. The empire also played an instrumental role in the spread of Christianity.

Geography and its impact on early Greeks Notebook Key Words – define, use in a sentence, and draw a picture. peninsula colony polis agora Cause and Effect How did geography discourage Greeks unity?

Greece country in Mediterranean Europe, site of great ancient civilization * peninsula- a body of land with water on 3 sides

Ancient Greeks felt deep ties to the land but were divided by mountains and seas. This made for many independent states. Content Standard 12- Maps and other geographic representations can be used to trace the development of human settlement from past to present.

Minoans Early Greeks that lived on the island of Crete. Minoans made their wealth from trade with Egypt and Syria.(ships and pottery)

Mycenaean Early Greeks from the mainland of Greece Learned much from the Minoan’s culture. Government officials kept track of every person’s wealth. Traded like Minoans but with Italy and Egypt.

Compare and Contrast between Minoans and Mycenaean SameMinoans Mycenaean

COMPARE /CONTRAST SameMinoans Mycenaean Both civilizations in Greece Outstanding sailors/traders Raised crops (grapes and olives) Both eventually conquered (by outsiders) Mostly peaceful Life centered around cities Evidence of recreation and entertainment Displayed bold colors and patterns in their art and clothing From Crete (Knossos was most important city) Conquerors, war-focused culture Life focused less on cities, more on countryside (cultivating grain, grazing animals) no evidence of recreation and entertainment displayed little evidence of art outside of military focus from Peloponnese peninsula (Mycenae) First greek Kingdom

Greek Dark Ages (circa 1100 BCE- 750 BCE) Read What changes occurred during Greece’s Dark Age?

Dark Ages Years between 1100B.C. and 750B.C. People only grew enough food for their family. Written language forgotten Thousands of Greeks left mainland, expanded greek cultures to other islands. Iron tools and weapons made it possible for more food surplus. Greek alphabet invented with 24 letters.

Greek Alphabet alphabet.html alphabet.html

Move to Colonize As Greece recovered from Dark Ages, population grew. Trade became important began exchanging goods for money. Growth of trade led to the growth of industry. People began specializing in certain trades like pottery.

City-State Town or city surrounded by countryside. Each greek city-state (POLIS) a tiny independent country. Varied in size and population. Run by its citizens (members of political community) Equal rights and responsibility

Acropolis The high rocky hill atop Athens, fortified (gated/walled/safe protected from attacks)

Agora Public market and meeting place to debate issues in ancient Greece (ancient Easton) Ruins of ancient agora in Thessaloniki, Greece

Parthenon A temple built to honor the goddess Athena

Interactive Notebook Write a complete paragraph full of evidence from the textbook. Summarize citizenship as a Greek.

Section 2 Sparta and Athens Page What’s the difference?

Notes tyrant oligarchy democracy helot Cause and Effect Why did the Spartans stress military training?

Tyrant Ruler who takes power by force

Tyranny Form of government in which a ruler, who has taken power by force, has absolute power

Tyranny in the City-States Growing unhappiness lead to tyrants Tyrants-someone who takes power by force and rules total authority Overthrew many nobles but were popular for building new market places, temples, and walls

Oligarchy Oligarchy A form of government which is run by a few persons

Democracy form of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives

Sparta vs. Athens Make a poster: Description of your given group – Way of Life – Military – Government – Use symbols that help define your group

Sparta Ancient city-state in Greece; citizens known for being great warriors

Spartans Conquered and enslaved their neighbors Government was oligarchy 2kings headed a council of elders Stayed in army or council from age of 30 until 60 Discouraged foreign visitors Also banned travel abroad Strong in army, controlled helots for 250 years Girls were taught sports, freer and could own land.

Athens The capital and largest city in Greece, birthplace of democracy

Athenians Schools taught reading, writing, arithmetic, sports and music Girls stayed home (household duties) Nobles owned land, farmers owed money to nobles sold themselves as slavery to pay debt Solon cancelled farmers debt. Let all males participate in assembly to write and pass the laws. Peisistratus seized power and divided large estates among farmers Cleisthenes reorganized the assembly to play central role in governing--- credited with democracy

Solon Noble Canceled all of the farmers debt Freed slaves Allowed all male citizens to participate in the assembly.

Section 2 Review 1. Why did Athenians choose officials by lottery? Would their be drawbacks to this method? Explain… 2.Why was Solon popular among some Athenian farmers and unpopular among others?

Persia Attacks Greeks Pages

Notes Notebook key terms satrapies satrap Zoroastrianism

Meeting People People you should knowAccomplishments Cyrus Darius Xerxes Themistocles

Persia Largest empire in the world in the 5 th century

Persian Empire Persia is known today as Southwestern Iran Cyrus united Persians to unite into a powerful kingdom Built miles of roads to connect their holdings Professional army paid to fight

Darius King of the Persian empire at the start of the Persian War. He led Persians in the Ionian Revolt and Battle of Marathon.

Persian Wars Y&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 &safe=active Y&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 &safe=active

Section 4 Reading

Interactive Notebook direct democracy representative democracy philosopher

Comparing Governments Athenian DemocracyAmerican Democracy Type Right to vote Laws Citizen Involvement direct representative

Age of Pericles Athenian Empire Democracy in Athens Direct vs. representative

Direct Democracy Direct Democracy A form of democracy in which the political power is exercised by the citizens

Representative democracy Representative democracy Citizens choose a small group of people to represent their interests

Achievements of Pericles Guided Athens for 30 years Delian League (loyalty- and steady payments) Allowed for poor citizens to enter govt. Culture blossomed Rebuilding of temples and statues

Life in Athens governmenteconomy culturewars

Life in Athens governmenteconomy culturewars democracyFarming Trading center Sold pottery, jewelry, leather goods, crops and products Great creativity Rebuilding program Artists Architects Writers Philosophers Peloponnesian War (Athens defeated)

Interactive Notebook Sparta or Athens? Write a well developed paragraph describing why you rather be a Spartan or Athenian. Use evidence from the chapter that would back your answer.