WORLD WAR TWO Early Phase & Plans Europe The Home Front Victory in Europe Victory in Asia

Early Phase of War Europe: Hitler controls continent, N Africa Europe: Hitler controls continent, N Africa Asia: Pearl Harbor, Dutch East Indies, Asia: Pearl Harbor, Dutch East Indies, –Malaya, Philippines, Baaton Death March Coalition Partners: U.S. & Britain in D.C. Coalition Partners: U.S. & Britain in D.C. –They agree to fight Hitler first –Perimeter fight before Operation Overlord Casablanca: FDR, Churchill, Stalin Casablanca: FDR, Churchill, Stalin –Agree to fight until unconditional surrender –Russia wants second front

Europe: Africa: Patton & Eisenhower land Morocco Rommel “The Desert Fox,” –N–N–N–Nov 1942: British push them out of Egypt –P–P–P–Patton defeat, then wins in May 1943 Italy: Patton land in Sicily, slow invasion –A–A–A–America marches into Rome June 4, 1944 Russia: heaviest fighting: Stalingrad –T–T–T–They want Allies to form a second front

HOME FRONT: Economy Arms Production: wins war for the Allies Arms Production: wins war for the Allies –War Industries Board: Controlled Mat. Plan –Ford: B-42 every hour, Kaiser: ship 2 weeks – 2 million trucks, 17 m guns, 86,000 tanks – 300,000 planes, 12,000 war ships Economy: Gov spends $98 billion 1945 Economy: Gov spends $98 billion 1945 –Top tax rate 94%. Gov. grew huge Factory Work: incomes up 50% Factory Work: incomes up 50% –Full employment

HOME FRONT: Society Population shift: 9 m. move coastal cities Population shift: 9 m. move coastal cities Women: 1/3 workforce, income up 50% Women: 1/3 workforce, income up 50% Second Black Migration: 1 million in army Second Black Migration: 1 million in army –700,000 move North, Tuskegee Airmen –Fair Employment: ends segregation gov. jobs Japanese-American relocation camps Japanese-American relocation camps –120,000 people to 10 camps –442 Combat Team: highest decorated

1944 Election: FDR in poor health –G–G–G–GOP: Thomas Dewey- moderate gov. NY –F–F–F–FDR wins fourth term –H–H–H–HOLOCAUST –A–A–A–Auschwitz and Buchenwald: death camps –6–6–6–6 million Jews exterminated –O–O–O–Others: gypsies, Polish, homosexuals

VICTORY IN EUROPE D-Day: Eisenhower plans Normandy D-Day: Eisenhower plans Normandy –June 6, –Largest military operation in history: 3 m Battle of the Bulge: bloodiest US battle Battle of the Bulge: bloodiest US battle Berlin falls, Surrender May 7, 1945 Berlin falls, Surrender May 7, 1945 Yalta Conference: Feb., 1945 Yalta Conference: Feb., 1945 –FDR, Churchill, and Stalin –Stalin agrees to: 1) go into Berlin first –2) Hold elections in eastern Europe –3) Help America fight Japanese –Bad Conference: FDR dies a few months later

Victory in Asia Admiral Nimitz: Midway (June 42), Marshall Admiral Nimitz: Midway (June 42), Marshall General MacArthur: Coral Sea (May, 1942) Gaudalcanal (Aug 43), Manila (Feb 45) General MacArthur: Coral Sea (May, 1942) Gaudalcanal (Aug 43), Manila (Feb 45) Iwo Jima & Okinawa: kamikazes (April 45) Iwo Jima & Okinawa: kamikazes (April 45) –Bloodiest battle: 50,000 US; 100,000 Japan How to Win?: Three Options How to Win?: Three Options The Bomb: Manhattan Project: Truman The Bomb: Manhattan Project: Truman –J. Robert Oppenheimer: $2 billion, 120,000 –Hiroshima: Aug. 6; 6,000 people die –Nagasaki: Aug. 9; 40,000 people die –Japan surrenders: August 14, Missouri

World War Two America emerges as the world’s power America emerges as the world’s power –Wins a huge world battle on two fronts –Frees dozens of countries from dictatorship 11 million US soldiers served; 400,000 died 11 million US soldiers served; 400,000 died –70 million fought world wide. 20 m soldiers & 30m civilians died –Soviet Union lost 30 million people. Changed lives more than Depression Changed lives more than Depression –19m Women work; 900,000 blacks move –Baby Boom, US develop nuclear technology Pulled us out of Depression Pulled us out of Depression –America reaches full employment –End of War America wealthiest country on the earth