Introduction to The discussion – Fermilab's 3D Future and Exploiting our Results

recapitulation 2 3D Workshop, Nov. 15, 2013 Through presentations, shown earlier today, we get overviews of : the background of the 3D technologies and an overview of what the Fermilab team could do, Fermilab developments for selected direction, applications benefiting from 3D technologies (where Fermilab can have an important role to play), realistic approaches to continue 3D efforts seen by the industrial partner We are hoping for recommendations and decisions: can we afford to continue developments exploiting 3D technologies? can we afford NOT to continue developments exploiting 3D technologies? or maybe the results are sufficient for assessments of 3D technologies and we should move on and do something else? If the choice is to continue, then: how to get the appropriate funds to support next steps (Fermilab LDRD included)?, what kind of help can come from internal programs, and from external applications? What is the environment for joint applications with other entities (other labs) and crossing the boundaries between domains of funding agencies, e.g. HEP-BES, etc..

background 3 Environment of integrated circuits technology for radiation detector readout systems is: Competitive Investment-hungry Characterized by long experience curves for the ASIC groups Challenging due to restrictions in access to the cutting edge technologies, legalities and bureaucratic burden associated with it Groups tend to focus on one or a few particular detector technologies, families of design blocs, design methodologies or assembly works and excel offering complementary sets of skills and tools to the community 3D Workshop, Nov. 15, 2013

uniqueness 4 multiple groups ( WGs in RD53) to cut a relatively small pie (design of an analog bloc of the Phase 2 CMS Pixel Tracking System). Eventually great ideas and an added value are needed to succeed. 3D? 3D Workshop, Nov. 15, 2013 RD53 (CERN) based formed to promote a 65 nm process and coordinate work towards HL-LHC upgrades; develops dynamically despite of high costs

3D chip is composed of two or more layers of active electronic components and features horizontal intra-tier and vertical inter-tier connectivity, Distinguishing features of 3D technologies:  Through Silicon Vias (TSV)  Bonding  Wafer thinning  Back-side processing  Transformational change:  Finer pitch pixels  Less mass  Higher localized “on detector” functionality  Bump bond alternative  Non dead space arrays  5 target Strategic goal: 4 side buttable, dead-area-free detectors for uses ranging from X-ray, visible, IR imaging to classical tracking 3D Workshop, Nov. 15, 2013

6 additional opportunities - 1 Developments that are motivated (although not HEP): 3D Workshop, Nov. 15, 2013 Continuation of the VIPIC project: Time of Arrival capable camera for X-ray Correlation Spectroscopy together with the Photon Science Division BNL (BES)

7 Large-area, large DR, direct detection (Si), soft – X-ray camera for the Dynamic Compression Sector at the APS at the ANL 3D Workshop, Nov. 15, 2013 additional opportunities - 2

8 Large-area, indirect detection (fast scintillator), hard – X-ray camera for future X-ray Light Sources (BESAC recommendation 07/25/2013) 3D Workshop, Nov. 15, 2013 Detector with counting capabilities >100MHz/pixel material tt yield RbF>200nm1.3ns1.7ph CsF390nm2.9ns2ph HfO 2 480nm9.5ns31 Examples of scintillating materials additional opportunities - 3

IEEE NSS & MIC: Ch.Xu, E.Garutti, S.Mandai, E.Charbon, “Comparison of Digital and Analog Silicon Photomultiplier For Positron Emission Tomography Application” VCI2013: K.Yamamoto, “Assembly technology of 4-side buttable MPPC” L.H.C.Braga, “A Fully Digital 8 16 SiPM Array for PETApplications With Per-Pixel TDCs and Real-Time Energy Output”, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 49, No. 1, January 2014 J.F.Pratte: “Development of 3D Single Photon Counting Modules for Radiation Instrumentation”, SLAC seminar Oct D Workshop, Nov. 15, 2013 We have been talking about opening activities that would lead to new technologies development Digital and 3D Digital SiPM Particularly SiPMs at Fermilab  Discussions about building new technology of a solid state photo-detector have been started ~5-6 years ago at Fermilab  Despite of multiple attempts, numerous discussions and already starting relations with industry to collaborate … nothing actually happened … no funding SiPM review, March 13, 2012

10 Plan - Fermilab 3D Workshop, Nov. 15, 2013 Project / Step (3D) DetailsCosts (best estimate) Generic Test wafers for back-to-face bonding with arrays of TSVs – tests of TSVs characteristics and for establishing (digital 3D SiPMs) technology using backside TSVs proc. $70k – work with Tezzaron VIPRAMBuilt 2 tier VIPRAM face-face prototype; 3D run MOSIS using new backside recipe 5x5mm^2 ~$90k – MPW MOSIS/Tezzaron (20 pcs) VIPICBuilt 2 tier VIPIC face-face prototype; 3D run MOSIS using new backside recipe 5x5mm^2 – pre-production prototype ~$90k – MPW MOSIS/Tezzaron (20 pcs)  significant steps achieved and projects, like VIPIC, are ready for large scale designs (obtain funding),  NEW Novati/Tezzaron TSVs technologies needs to be demonstrated,  projects, like VIPRAM, need their first 3D prototypes. 1 year timescale

11 Plan - Fermilab 3D Workshop, Nov. 15, 2013 Project / Step (3D) DetailsCosts (best estimate) VIPRAM ‘production’ Built 3 tier VIPRAM; 3D engineering run 15x15 mm^2 (1control and 2 CAMs) 2 sets of wafer masks $850k (1000pcs) ‘Foundry’/Tezzaron Option 1: VIPIC 130nm Built 2 tier ROIC with sensor on one side and bump-bonding on second side to a substrate (PCB, interposer) 20x20 mm^2 2 sets of wafer masks $850k (with bonding to sensors, excluding sensor) ‘Foundry’/Tezzaron Option 2: VIPIC 65nm with 3D features Built 1 tier ROIC with sensor on one side and TSV for bump bonding to a substrate (PCB, interposer) $1400k (with bonding to sensors, excluding sensor) - $1100k just 65nm run  Follow up funds required to run developments of ‘production’ devices need to be sufficient

12 Discussion 3D Workshop, Nov. 15, 2013 Some questions: Is 3D matured enough to base projects with planned deliverables on it? Is there enough discussion to get detector R&D for experiments interested in 3D? What is required to handle 3D projects at the required scale and momentum? Do we have enough resources to handle 3D challenges? (of course we cannot start too many projects) How to handle projects for applications outside of HEP – synergies – involvement in shorter term and well defined (specifications) projects?