Access to electronic scientific information and competitiveness of Persian Gulf countries June 2007 the importance of scholarly information in the research process

2 What we need in the next Step … (Content) Database Journals Books Content Collection Development

3 What we need in the next Step … (Collection Development) DatabaseBackfiles Journals Historical Backfiles Books Back Volumes Collection Development Purchase Model

4 What we need in the next Step … (Budget) UniversityBudget ConsortiumBudget National & International Budget Budget

5 What we need in the next Step … (Tools & Support) Technology TrainingServices Technical Support Tools & Service

6 What we need in the next Step … (Key Person)  Dr. Eduard Cohen  graduation from the University of Leiden in Pharmachology  His passion is to help emerging Countries Bridge the gap with the developed countries  When in 2001 Elsevier introduced ScienceDirect to Iranian universities, and Elsevier hosted the Elsevier Journals in Iran on Rose-Net, it was the time that Eduard was been responsible for Europe, Middle East and Africa  “We are very pleased that Iran has entered into an agreement with ScienceDirect. Our activities in the Middle East will provide invaluable feedback so that we can further enhance services and functionalities, such as better searching and measuring techniques, for users of ScienceDirect.”  Director, A&G International Markets  Middle East, Africa, CIS  Latin America  China  India, Pakistan, Afghanistan  Russia  Eastern Europe

7 Introduction  Dissemination, by scientific publishers, of high quality scientific output across the globe is a crucial part of research  In recent years the move from paper to electronic content delivery has drastically changed researchers time-spending  Researchers are able to spend significantly less time on searching for relevant content and at the same time have access to a wider range of content  At the same time the increase of usage clearly positively affects the quantity and quality of scientific output  Comparing macro-economic and demographic data with the uptake of usage and scientific output enables decision-makers to analyze the productivity and efficiency of their investments  Elsevier has invested heavily in the increase of productivity and efficiency of researchers all over the world through the ScienceDirect platform, Scopus and many other highly specialized products Introduction

8 Elsevier is the leading STM journal publisher in Iran with a 34% market share, 10% higher than the world average Source:Thomson Scientific (ISI) Market Share of Articles published in Iran (2005) Market Share of Articles published in the World (2005)

9 The High Performance Research Engine compares to running a marathon Assets/ Laboratories Access to Content Resources/ Researchers High Performance Research Engine The training and Physical fitness of the athlete (Indicated by demographic data) A good position at the start (Research performance indicators) The Quality of your shoes (Elsevier provides high quality access)

Macro-economics of the Gulf [PERSIAN]

11 The training and physical fitness of the athlete Paul standing next to the board that confirms his world record time of 2 hours 4 minutes and 55 seconds, set when winning the 2003 Berlin Marathon Paul Tergat Born: Nat.: Kenyan

12 Economic growth in the region is comparable, in terms of GDP/Capita Iran is on par with Turkey CountryIranEgyptTurkeySpainUKUS Population x Mio Population Growth Rate 1.1 %1.75 %1.1 %0.13 %0.28 %0.91 % GDP (PPP) x Mio $ 610,400$ 328,100$ 627,200$ 1,070,000$ 1,818,000$ 12,310,000 GDP/Capita $ 8,900$ 4,200$ 8,900$ 27,000$ 30,100$ 41,600 GDP Real Growth Rate 5.0 %5.7 %5.2 %3.6 %1.9 %3.2 % Inflation Rate (Consumer Prices) 15.8 %6.5 %9.8 %3.5 %2.1 %3.2 % Source: CIA World Book of Facts 2007

13 The R&D spend per researcher for Iran is much lower than in Turkey which in turn is comparable to Spain and the UK CountryIranEgyptTurkeySpainUKUS Internet Users x Mio 7,55,016,019,237,6207,2 R&D Spending x Mio $ 4,273$ 656$ 4,390$ 11,770$ 34,360$ 332,370 R&D Spending as % of GDP 0.7 %0.2 %0.7 %1.1 %1.9 %2.7 % R&D Spending per Capita $ 63$ 8$ 66$ 294$ 563$ 1,115 Researchers per Mio Inhabitants 1, ,1952,7064,605 # of Researchers x Thousands ,372 R&D Spend per Researcher $ 49,686$ 16,830$ 182,917$ 134,054$ 208,240$ 242,250 Source: Unesco, Internetworldstats.com,

14 The per capita R&D spend is significantly below the UK figures All values are against GDP(PPP) Iran, Egypt, Turkey and Spain can significantly increase their performance in R&D by increasing their investment per Capita to the UK-GDP/Capita ratio 2006 – R&D-spend/Capita 9.0 X8.6 X1.9 X $ 2006 – GDP/Capita 3.4 X 1.1 X $ 7.2 X70.8 X

15 Iran is well positioned to become a major player on the worldwide R&D market  Iran has the highest number of researcher per million inhabitants, more than double the number in Egypt  Turkey’s R&D spend per researcher is four times as high as that of Iran and is even approaching the spend in the UK, Egypt is lagging behind  With 11% Internet usage penetration is higher than in Egypt (6%) but much lower than the UK’s 63%, Turkey has the a highest penetration in the region with 23%  Comparing R&D spend level ratio’s to GDP-ratio’s with the UK shows significant room to stimulate growth of R&D-investments

comparing countries research performance

17 To win a marathon a good position at the start is crucial Iran UK US Turkey Spain Egypt

18 International rankings still show a huge lead for UK and US universities Iran Egypt Turkey Spain UK US Hacettepe and Istanbul University shared the th place in 2005, in 2006 they didn’t make the listing Cairo University makes it’s appearance on the shared th place in 2006

19 Times top 200 and Shanghai top 500 ranking criteria Times top 200Shanghai top 500 weightmeasurementweightMeasurement 40% Peer review by asking academics to name 30 top institutes in their field of interest 10% # of alumni wining Nobel Prizes and Field Medals 10% Opinion of international graduate recruiters 20% # of staff wining Nobel Prizes and Field Medals 20%Staff-to-student ratio20% # of highly cited researchers in 21 broad subject fields 20%# citations (from ISI) divided by # of staff20% # of articles published in Nature and Science 5% of overseas staff20% # of articles in Science Citation Index- expanded and Social Science Citation Index 5% of overseas students10% The total scores of the above five indicators divided by the # of staff

20 Iran’s share in world articles* is small but growing, UK and US shares are slightly declining Average share of articles published worldwide The Gulf region contributes only a small amount of articles to the worldwide scientific community Article-output growth in the Gulf region is higher than in the UK/US The UK and US contribute 32.3% of world articles but represent only 5.5% of the world population * Indexed on Scopus

21 The quality of your shoes Source:

22 To win in R&D, Elsevier provides the best equipment

23 In 2005 over 65% of all Full-text Electronic articles In the ANKOS consortium (Turkey) were downloaded over Science Direct 2005 Market share in Electronic full text article downloads Through the Science Direct platform, Elsevier delivered over 5 million Full Text Articles to Turkish scientists, 10 times more than the second publisher, Blackwell Source: ANKOS Serials; Paterns of E-Journal Use within the Anatolian University Library Consortium; B. Karasözen, A. Kaygusuz, H. Özen

24 The rapid increasing usage of SD explains the sharp increase in the number of articles published per million inhabitants 4 % 12 % 13 % 18 % Average growth per year (%)

25 Iran has good SD usage resulting in an accelerated increase in article output 2 % 13 % 18 % Average growth per year (%) 22 % 39 % 10 %

26 In terms of Quality a big gap exists to the world-average impact Source: Thompson Scientific (ISI, academic relations) The quality of articles published by Iran have been decreasing since a 1999 high of 0.6 Despite Turkey’s high output-levels the quality of articles published appears to be decreasing

27 Intermediate Backfiles, content published from 1996 up to 2003 Backfiles, content published from before 1996 back to volume 1 issue 1 The Freedom Collection is only the start to close the content-gap, Intermediate Backfiles and Backfiles can close the gap completely UK University, Cumulative (paper-) Journal content in the libraries Iran University, Cumulative (paper-) Journal content in the libraries The (paper-) Journal content gap can now be closed by investing in the electronic Backfile packages Current subscriptions + Freedom Collection going back to 2003

28 Example of Usage Statistics Total Downloads 2006 = 1,383,990 FTA: Full Text Article

29 Usage Jan – April ,072,427 Collection of Freedom Collection + SCOPUS + Back Files = BOOMING in Usage

30 Science Journals (print and online) Science & Technology Books (print and online) Databases and software Elsevier position: #1 Leading scientific publisher 1,800+ journals 7 million articles available on ScienceDirect Nursing and Health Professionals Journals and Pharma Communications International Health Sciences Clinical Reference and Medicine Elsevier position: #1 Leading medical publisher 8,000+ medical textbooks and reference works S&T in Elsevier portfolio

31 …..and is a global player providing high quality content to more than 180 countries North America Europe Rest of World Asia Pacific 2005 revenue per region  7,000+ employees, 77 offices in 24 countries  Sales in 180+ countries  Serving 30 million+ scientists, students, health and information professionals  2,000 journals and 1,900 new books each year

32 Elsevier is the largest S&T publisher, with a diversified portfolio Scientific research articles published million+ English language research articles published globally in 2005 Learned Societies Other CommercialUniversity Presses Other Springer Blackwell Wiley Informa Elsevier Our scientific disciplines ,000+ English language research articles published with Elsevier in 2005 Physics Mathematics & Computer Science Social Sciences Earth Sciences Environmental Science Life Sciences Materials Science & Engineering Chemistry & Chemical Engineering

33 Government Research Establishments Corporate Research Labs Individual Researchers Academic Research Institutions Elsevier’s customers include the world’s leading research and academic institutions 45% 18% 32% 5%

34 Solicit and manage submissions Manage peer review Production Publish and disseminate Edit and prepare Archive and promote 1,000 new editors per year 18 new journals per year 500,000+ article submissions per year 200,000 referees 1 million referee reports per year 7,000 editors 70,000 editorial board members 6.5 million author/publisher communications per year 250,000 new articles produced per year 180 years of back issues scanned, processed and data-tagged 10 million researchers 4,500+ institutions 180+ countries 240 million+ downloads per year 2.5 million print pages per year 7 million articles now available Organise editorial boards Launch new specialist journals 40%-90% of articles rejected Journal publishing volume

35 Solicit and manage submissions Manage peer review Production Publish and disseminate Edit and prepare Archive and promote Organise editorial boards Launch new specialist journals Author Gateway and Elsevier Editorial Systems $15 million eJournal Backfiles eReference Works $40 million Production Tracking System $5 million ScienceDirect Scopus Scirus eNewsletters and alerts >$200 million Journal publishing investments Estimated cumulative investment since 2000 Electronic Warehouse $15 million

36 Current status of ‘the’ Digital Library in Iran move to e-only was an important step forward good variety of current full text content available but still important titles are missing (based on Elsevier titles) depth is missing (back files) Scopus,which may be used as first point of entry or ‘portal’ is lacking for many members true tools to navigate optimally are not implemented yet: e.g.; direct links from a search hit list to the full text paper is not in place specialised dbases in engineering, life sciences etc. could be added

37 Gains by moving to the ‘ideal’ Digital Library in Iran depth is missing (back files): UP TO 30% OF INCREASED USAGE IS EXPECTED BY INVESTMENTS IN BACK FILES true navigational tools, a large bibliographic dbase, which may be used as first point of entry or ‘portal’ is lacking: RESEARCH SHOWS THAT UP TO 40% OF THE MATERIALS ACTUALLY CANNOT BE FOUND, DUE TO THE LACK OF INTEGRATION… whereas they are available (in the library)! true tools to navigate optimally are not implemented yet: such as; direct links from a search hit list or navigational tool to the full text paper is not in place: RESEARCH SHOWS THAT 40% OF THE USERS QUIT AT EVERY CLICK! specialised dbases in engineering, life sciences etc. can be acquired: INDEXED AND STRUCTURED DBASES INCREASE RESEARCH EFFICIENCY BY STRONGLY REDUCING TIME SPEND ON SEARCHING AND BROWSING

38 Long Term Plan  Sign a multi year license for immediate access and pay the fees in 3 years  Medical Collection for all MOH members  Clinics on SD, Cell Press, UTL Banned Titles  Intermediate Backfiles for all universities  Selected Backfile packages for all institutes  Scopus for the whole members of MOH  Appropriate eBooks collections for MOH members

39 What about Budget and Funds?  The universities could not afford such budget by themselves, MOH should allocate separate budget for all institutes  Both MOH and universities should look for sponsorship, local or global  … a Institute of Science receives 17 percent of its annual $180 million budget from donations. Can wealthy Iranians rival their counterparts in their support of research?...  Do Iranian universities profit from private funding or foundations?

40 Summary key-challenges for Iran R&D  Create more awareness at Governmental bodies to realise higher R&D spending  In general library budget growth is not in line with GDP growth  Turkey and Iran have rapidly increased their SD-usage, Egypt is lagging hampering article-output growth  Compared to Spain SD-usage in the region still shows plenty of room for growth allowing for even greater article-output growth  Closing the content-gap to UK universities by increasing the amount of content in the libraries by adding backfile packages

Thank you for your attention!