1. Open Access Presented by: Dori Gardner

2. 2 Solicit and manage submissions Manage peer review Production Publish and disseminate Edit and prepare Archive and promote 5,000 new editors per year 500 new journals launched per year 3 million+ article submissions per year 2.5 million+ referees 3.75 million+ referee reports per year 50%+ of submissions rejected 125,000 editors 350,000 editorial board members 30 million+ author/publisher communications per year 1.5 million new articles produced per year 350 years of back issues scanned, processed and data-tagged 12 million researchers 4,500+ institutions 180+ countries 1 billion+ downloads/year 10 million+ printed pages/year 40 million articles available digitally, back to early 1800s What do journal publishers do? Organise editorial boards Launch new specialist journals Note: industry estimates based on known numbers for a subset of the industry that are then scaled to 100% based on the article share of the known subset. 2

3. 3 3 Solicit and manage submissions Manage peer review Production Publish and disseminate Edit and prepare Archive and promote Organise editorial boards Launch new specialist journals Author Submission & Editorial Systems $30 million eJournal Backfiles eReference Works $70 million Production Tracking System $25 million ScienceDirect (±1.5 million downloads per day) Scopus Scirus MD Consult HealthConnect eNewsletters and alerts >$600 million Publishers have invested heavily to digitize since 1995 Electronic Warehouse $25 million ELSEVIER EXAMPLE Elsevier alone has invested over $750 million to digitize STM publishing processes since 1995 STM industry has invested an estimated $3+ billion since 1995 Figures in current (2009) UK pounds using gdp deflators

4. Elsevier is committed to universal access, quality, and sustainability 4 1.Universal Access  We exist to disseminate information  We will identify where remaining gaps exist and find viable mechanisms to close them 2.Quality  Peer review provides essential quality controls  We will invest to innovate in technologies that increase researchers’ productivity 3.Sustainability  Journal publishers invest heavily to deliver a well-functioning communications system upon which society depends  Access and dissemination mechanisms must ensure that these investments can be recovered.  System must also be sustainable for those who fund it therefore we aim to increase efficiency and value-for-money We support all mechanisms to achieve sustainable universal access to quality content 4

5. Where are we now: Access n=3759 n=2940 n=1262 n=1653 n=2989 n=2118 n=1294 n=2565 n=1868 n=2273 n=841 n=2362 Western Europe 94% Eastern Europe 84% Middle East 85% APAC 91% Africa 78% Latin America 88% North America 97% Access to research articles by region PRELIMINARY STUDIES – NOT YET RELEASED Global Study - Phase 1 5

6. We will continue working to closing remaining gaps 6 % of each sector rating access to original research articles in journals ‘very easy’ or ‘fairly easy’ n: 134n: 74n: 458n: 765 SMEs Large corporate University / College All non- corporate Percent

7. Low High High importance but relatively low ease of access Global Study - Phase I PRELIMINARY STUDIES – NOT YET RELEASED Where are we now: Access by content type, global 4,109 respondents

8. Where are we now: Quality Researcher views on peer review process Cross-publisher initiative with CrossRef to detect instances of plagiarism in scientific articles Includes most major publishers with over 22 million articles Provides online forum for publishers or journal editors to discuss issues regarding scientific and peer review integrity Peer review Industry and community initiatives Review forwarding/ sharing

9. 9 Efforts to deliver Universal Access span business models Different communities have different requirements. Elsevier deploys all of these models where sustainable while maintaining the quality provided by peer review. Different communities have different requirements. Elsevier deploys all of these models where sustainable while maintaining the quality provided by peer review.

10. 10 Efforts to deliver Universal Access span business models Different communities have different requirements. Elsevier deploys all of these models where sustainable while maintaining the quality provided by peer review. Different communities have different requirements. Elsevier deploys all of these models where sustainable while maintaining the quality provided by peer review.

11. 11 Author Pays  Author processing fee per article published – sole mechanism to support journal  Often referred to as “gold” open access  Most prevalent in health and life sciences  Publication fees vary  Terms vary.. Bespoke licenses, Creative Commons

12. 12 Author Pays 2012  23 author pays titles  International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 2010 2011  Results in journals  Cell Reports  NeuroImage: Clinical  More in planning… 2013 and beyond …. Elsevier

13. 13 Sponsored articles  Option to make an article within a subscription journal open access  “Hybrid Journals”  Elsevier has 1,200 journals that offer  Agreements with 14 funding bodies including:  Low uptake  “no double dipping” Journals with a sponsorship option

14. 14 Delayed Access  Time to free access varies due to differences in subject fields  Subscription journals making articles freely available online after time delay  More than 75 titles are available after a delay, including Cell Press  Subject areas – primarily life and health sciences  Often society owned or affiliated titles

15. 15 Manuscript Posting  Authors can voluntarily post manuscripts and preprints to personal websites and institutional repositories  Elsevier is classified as a “green publisher”  As a service to our authors, since 2005, Elsevier has deposited author manuscripts for to NIH authors to PMC  We seek to engage with institutions and funding bodies to understand their needs and develop sustainable solutions  Often referred to as “green” open access

16. 16 Embargo periods and sustainability 16 More than 60% of usage within first year 35% of usage within the first year Life Sciences – rapid Social Sciences – slow One size does not fit all – usage over time varies significantly across journals and subject areas

17. Patient Access– Article Rental & patientINFORM ARTICLE RENTAL - DeepDyve pilot Elsevier provides 250 journals, including over 100 journals in medicine through an article rental programme Phase 1: 50 Elsevier journals, cross-section of disciplines 24-hour article rental – read-only PDF Rental price per article between $0.99 and $3.99 Recently expanded to 250+ titles ARTICLE RENTAL - DeepDyve pilot Elsevier provides 250 journals, including over 100 journals in medicine through an article rental programme Phase 1: 50 Elsevier journals, cross-section of disciplines 24-hour article rental – read-only PDF Rental price per article between $0.99 and $3.99 Recently expanded to 250+ titles http://www.deepdyve.com/ patientINFORM is a program that brings together the publishers of the world’s leading medical journals and the U.S.'s most trusted health organizations to provide patients and their caregivers with access to some of the most up-to-date, reliable and important research available about the diagnosis and treatment of specific diseases. The program allows participating health organizations to create research summaries, news reports or other online analyses regarding conditions to place special links on their sites to the associated research articles in participating journals. These links from the health organizations’ web sites provide users with: access to the full journal articles for free, without subscriptions OR free or reduced-price access to relevant journal articles through their own web sites. patientINFORM is a program that brings together the publishers of the world’s leading medical journals and the U.S.'s most trusted health organizations to provide patients and their caregivers with access to some of the most up-to-date, reliable and important research available about the diagnosis and treatment of specific diseases. The program allows participating health organizations to create research summaries, news reports or other online analyses regarding conditions to place special links on their sites to the associated research articles in participating journals. These links from the health organizations’ web sites provide users with: access to the full journal articles for free, without subscriptions OR free or reduced-price access to relevant journal articles through their own web sites. http://www.patientinform.org/

18. Access in Developing Countries – Research4Life Research4Life provides developing countries with free or low cost access to academic and professional peer-reviewed content online. Eligible libraries and their users benefit from: Online access to over 8,100 peer-reviewed international scientific journals, books, and databases Full-text articles which can be downloaded for saving, printing or reading on screen Searching by keyword, subject, author or language Training in information literacy and promotional support In 2012, Resarch4Life will also offer selected institutions based in countries excluded from the wider programme to access content under the same framework. Elsevier is the single biggest contributor of articles to Research4Life Research4Life provides developing countries with free or low cost access to academic and professional peer-reviewed content online. Eligible libraries and their users benefit from: Online access to over 8,100 peer-reviewed international scientific journals, books, and databases Full-text articles which can be downloaded for saving, printing or reading on screen Searching by keyword, subject, author or language Training in information literacy and promotional support In 2012, Resarch4Life will also offer selected institutions based in countries excluded from the wider programme to access content under the same framework. Elsevier is the single biggest contributor of articles to Research4Life Dr Sami Hyacinthe Kambire Dr Kambire used AGORA to search for research on tomato wilt. He was shocked to discover a large number of papers on the topic, from several countries. It was a defining moment: for years he had assumed he was one of few researchers working on this problem; all of a sudden he was faced with the reality that his work was not as original as he had thought. Encouragingly, however, results from other researchers confirmed his own. Dr Nguyen Duc Chinh Before gaining access to Research4Life’s HINARI programme, Viet Duc Hospital relied on free public tools, such as Google and PubMed, for literature searches. Dr Chinh now uses HINARI not only to update his own surgical knowledge but also to share information with colleagues who don’t have access to international journals. Such knowledge is also invaluable in his research.

19. 19 Going forward: close remaining access gaps Corporations, SMEs Hospitals and medical schools Research institutes Individuals Customised access and pricing mechanisms Corporate editions Article choice Pay per view Sponsored articles Customised access and pricing mechanisms Medical collections Article choice Pay per view Sponsored articles Customised access and pricing mechanisms Article choice Sponsored articles Customised access and pricing mechanisms Basic functionality pay per view, e.g. Patient Research, Deepdyve Article sponsorship

20. 20 Article Enhancement (e.g. Article of the Future) Visualisation Mobile Technology Graphical abstracts with main message of the paper. Hierarchical presentation of text and figures. Alternate views to hide or show experiment details. Real-time reference analyses for citation exploration. Interactive to assist in navigating the article Peer-reviewed video journals Searchable image databases using semantic linking In-line video to enhance article content (techniques and demonstrations) Multiple platform support Journal, book and database content on mobile devices Search and browse articles Create alerts and citation analysis Save favourite articles information and add notes Share result information via Email or Twitter News feeds and RSS technology Going forward: enrich and enhance articles

21. Conclusions Elsevier is committed to universal access, quality, and sustainability We are open to any mechanism that can close remaining access gaps while at least maintaining existing levels of  Quality control  Researcher productivity  Value for money (unit prices) Universal access mechanisms include institutional licenses, pay-per-view, transactional licenses, walk-in access,rental, individual and institutional article sponsorship, delayed access, etc. A high-quality and sustainable scholarly communication system results from a balanced mix of universal access mechanisms, and not any single mechanism We will continue to invest to close remaining gaps and further drive the quality of the researcher experience in ways that are sustainable 21

22. 22 Thank you! Questions? d.gardner@elsevier.com