Rival City-States: Sparta Vs Athens

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Presentation transcript:

Rival City-States: Sparta Vs Athens

They are very different. Athens and Sparta are the two most famous and powerful Cities States in Ancient Greece. They are very different.

Sparta “Come back with your shield or on it”

Sparta It’s located on the Peloponnesus Peninsula. Sparta has a militaristic society.

Spartan Society 3 social groups Citizens: real “Spartans”, control Sparta (only 5%). Perioci: free men, pay taxes & serve in the army but have no political power. Helots: slaves, the majority. Spartans used force to control them.

Government The most important principle: the life of every individual belongs to the State.

Government Militaristic Oligarchy Sparta has two kings: 1 king in charge of military matters; 1 king in care of domestic matters.

Government Council of Elders Assembly 28 male citizens over the age of 60: they propose laws & serve as a criminal court Assembly All male citizens over age of 30: they voted on laws

Military Society Main value: the army (no need for walls! Army will defend!) All men want to become soldiers Newborn infants are examined: healthy = they can live sickly = they must die.

Education/Training Primary purpose is to produce soldiers! Military training begin at age 7 for boys; soldiers at age of 20; serve until age 60.

Spartan Women Life’s ambition is to be a soldier’s mother. Women are expected to be healthy & strong so that they can bear strong children. Trained in gymnastics, wrestling & boxing.

Spartan Women They are respected in Spartan society, but they can not participate in government.

Impact of Military Society No interests in philosophy, science, literature, & the arts No individual freedom.

Athens

Development It’s on the Attica Peninsula (north of Sparta) They descend from the Mycenaeans

Social Class Citizens: All free men born in Athens (50%) Metics: Born outside Athens No land, but paid taxes Slaves: Captured in war, considered property

Government

Government Assembly: ALL free men over the age of 18 can participate It is considered their public duty.

Government Council of 500 Give ideas to the assembly Members chosen by lottery once a year

Government Ostracism: If a politician’s name appeared on 6,000 ostraca they would be EXILED!!!

Education/Training Only boys receive an education They enter school at 7; graduated at 18 They study arithmetic, drawing, music, gymnastics, rhetoric, literature (Iliad & Odyssey), etc. Boys would train for future jobs after school They entered the military after graduation & then went onto careers such as businessmen or Olympic athletes

Education/Training At age 18 men served in the military for 2 years. They receive physical Education (sports)

Athenian Women No formal education; learned household duties from theirs mothers Married between 13-15 Primary purpose is to have children

Athenian Women No legal rights They can not participate in government, or go to the market or the Olympics. Wore clothes to depict their status in society Most important job for all women is having children Wealthy women would manage house & slaves Peasant women would manage house & work in field Women not allowed to go to market or Olympics

Athenian Legacy Democracy, philosophy, architecture, drama, art… Wore clothes to depict their status in society Most important job for all women is having children Wealthy women would manage house & slaves Peasant women would manage house & work in field Women not allowed to go to market or Olympics

Test yourself… SPARTA - 1 Sparta has a m____________ society. Spartan society: 3 social groups: Citizens, Perioci: f___ m___, and Helots: s______. E______ i_______belongs to the State. Primary purpose is to produce s________. Life’s ambition is to be a soldier’s m______. They are respected in Spartan society, but they c__ n___ participate in government. No i_________ freedom.

Test yourself… SPARTA - 2 Sparta has a militaristic society. Spartan society: 3 social groups: Citizens, Perioci: free men, and Helots: slaves. Every individual belongs to the State. Primary purpose is to produce soldiers. Life’s ambition is to be a soldier’s mother. They are respected in Spartan society, but they can not participate in government. No individual freedom.

Test yourself – ATHENS - 1 Citizens: all f___ men born in Athens. Metics: born o______ Athens. Slaves: considered p______. Assembly: a_ free men can participate. Only b___ receive an education. Women: m____ between 13-15 Athens legacy: democracy, p_______, architecture, drama, art…

Test yourself – ATHENS - 2 Citizens: all free men born in Athens. Metics: born outside Athens. Slaves: considered property. Assembly: all free men can participate. Only boys receive an education. Women: married between 13-15 Athens legacy: democracy, philosophy, architecture, drama, art…