 Diffusion: The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Due to random movement The Rate of Diffusion is affected by 3 different factors: 1. Temperature 2. Concentration 3. Pressure

 Is the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane Movement of water is from an area of low concentration (of solute) to and area of high concentration (of solute)

 Hypertonic: A solution with a high concentration of solute Hypotonic: A solution with a low concentration of solutes Isotonic A solution that has the same or equal strengths of solutes in a solution

 Watch Intro Video Answer the following questions  What is a prokaryote?  Where did modern plant/animal cells come from?  What is a eukaryote?  ll-Biology ll-Biology

 The Discovery

 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.  2. The cell is the basic unit structure and organization of all organisms.  3. All cells come from preexisting cells.

THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF CELLS…  Prokaryotes  Eukaryotes video.htm

 Cells that DO NOT contain membrane bound organelles (no nucleus)  Most bacteria and unicellular organisms

 Cells containing membrane bound organelles  Most of multicellular life fits into this category. However some unicellular life as well  Amoebas, algae, etc

 The flexible boundary between the cell and its environment Responsible for letting things in and out of the cell and maintaining homeostasis in the cell.

 Has Selective Permeability- The means it allows some molecules to pass through while others or kept out Transport Proteins: specialized proteins that move molecules into and out of the cell

 The plasma membrane is composed primarily of a phospholipid bilayer Phospholipids have a polar head (hydrophilic) and a nonpolar (hydrophobic) tail. Why?

 The Fluid Mosaic Model

 The cell wall: is a rigid structure that is located outside of the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection.  Found in Plant cells not Animal cells Also in some bacteria, fungi and protists.

 Are specialized subunits within a cell that have specific functions Mini Organs is another way to think about it.  Remember Organelles are only in Eukaryotes  Membrane bound

 Nucleus Considered the “CONTROL CENTER” of the cell. Site where DNA (genetic information) is stored as Chromatin

 Nucleolus non-membrane bound structure composed of proteins and nucleic acids found within the nucleus nucleus Ribosomes are made here

 Ribosomes Sites of Protein Synthesis Not bound, can freely move to different parts of the cell. Found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

 Cytoplasm The clear gelatinous fluid inside a cell Contains nutrients that allow for cell to grow and develop

 Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough) Site of cellular chemical reactions  Help finish protein synthesis Highly folded  Allows for lots of work in a little space  E.R. (smooth) Involved in lipid production and storage of lipids

 Golgi Apparatus (complex): Protein Post Office of a cell Packages proteins into vesicles to be sent to appropriate destinations in the cell

 Vacuole Membrane-bound compartments used for storage of materials  Lysosome The garbage disposal of a cell Uses digestive enzymes to get rid of viruses, bacteria, and old parts of the cell.

 Mitochondria The power plants of cells Transform energy for cell use in the form of ATP.

 Capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy (ATP) in a process called photosynthesis  Primarily in Plants  Has green chlorophyll (a pigment that captures sunlight)

 Is the network of protein filaments that help a cell maintain its shape Can also aid in cell movement Microtubules, microfilaments and centrioles are part of the cytoskeleton