The U.S. Civil War The Civil War ( ) took more American lives than any other war in history. It so divided the people of the United States that in some families brother fought against brother. The Civil War was between the Southern States, trying to preserve slavery and an agricultural way of life, and the Northern States, dedicated to a more modern way of life and to ending the expansion-and, later, the existence-of slavery. The terrible bloodshed left a heritage of grief and bitterness that declined only slowly and, even today, has not fully disappeared.

Slave Trade What is a slave? How did slaves first come to the Americas?What is a slave? How did slaves first come to the Americas? Slave Trade: enslavement and transportation of Africans to the Americas; lasted from 16 th -19 th centurySlave Trade: enslavement and transportation of Africans to the Americas; lasted from 16 th -19 th century Most enslaved people were forcibly taken from Western and Central Africa.Most enslaved people were forcibly taken from Western and Central Africa. During the Slave Trade, million slaves were transported to North America.During the Slave Trade, million slaves were transported to North America million Africans died on their route to the New World million Africans died on their route to the New World.

Shells – used as currency in the Slave Trade

Slavery in the Americas Slaves were first brought to the Americas in 1619Slaves were first brought to the Americas in : Massachusetts became the first colony to legalize slavery1642: Massachusetts became the first colony to legalize slavery Starting in early 1800’s, northern states gradually abolished slaveryStarting in early 1800’s, northern states gradually abolished slavery By 1860, the majority of other American countries gradually abolished slavery (Haiti, Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia & all of Central America)By 1860, the majority of other American countries gradually abolished slavery (Haiti, Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia & all of Central America) By 1860, the slave population in the United States was still 4 million.By 1860, the slave population in the United States was still 4 million. At the time, the U.S. was more stable and modernized than the rest of the Americas, so why do you think they were one of the last to abolish slavery?At the time, the U.S. was more stable and modernized than the rest of the Americas, so why do you think they were one of the last to abolish slavery? The majority of the slaves worked on the plantations in the South; especially tobacco, cotton, sugar and coffee.The majority of the slaves worked on the plantations in the South; especially tobacco, cotton, sugar and coffee. In the southern U.S., slaves made up 34% of the populationIn the southern U.S., slaves made up 34% of the population In the northern U.S., slaves made up 1% of the population.In the northern U.S., slaves made up 1% of the population.

Why did people support slavery? Why were people against slavery?

Arguments for/against the justification of slavery Pro-SlaveryAnti-Slavery

The U.S. Civil War The Civil War ( ) took more American lives than any other war in history. It so divided the people of the United States that in some families brother fought against brother. The Civil War was between the Southern States, trying to preserve slavery and an agricultural way of life, and the Northern States, dedicated to a more modern way of life and to ending the expansion-and, later, the existence-of slavery. The terrible bloodshed left a heritage of grief and bitterness that declined only slowly and, even today, has not fully disappeared.

Causes of the U.S. Civil War “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free…” -Abraham Lincoln

Discussion What do you think caused the Civil War?

Cause #1 - Sectionalism Different economies, social structures & political values between North & SouthDifferent economies, social structures & political values between North & South The NorthThe North Encouraged modernizationEncouraged modernization Belief that the people should decide whether an action was moral or immoralBelief that the people should decide whether an action was moral or immoral The SouthThe South Held the present and past dearHeld the present and past dear Profitable agricultural economy based on slave laborProfitable agricultural economy based on slave labor

Discussion Two different views of economic freedom and the South’s view of protection of “property”

Cause #2 - The Compromise of prohibited the slave trade in Washington, D.C. 2.admitted California to the Union as a free state 3.gave newly acquired territories the right to decide for themselves whether to permit slavery 4.included a strict fugitive slave law that required Northerners to return escaped slaves to their owners

The Fugitive Slave Law The fugitive slave law made northerners accomplices to slavery, and was very expensive.The fugitive slave law made northerners accomplices to slavery, and was very expensive. Runaways were denied the right to trial, special commissions handled cases, and received $5-$10 for every runaway.Runaways were denied the right to trial, special commissions handled cases, and received $5-$10 for every runaway. The law also required free citizens to assist enforcement.The law also required free citizens to assist enforcement. Northerners rioted and some cities refused to cooperate with the law.Northerners rioted and some cities refused to cooperate with the law.

Cause #3 - The Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed Kansas and Nebraska to decide whether to allow slaveryallowed Kansas and Nebraska to decide whether to allow slavery caused a rush of pro and anti slavery “settlers” to fight for control (bleeding Kansas)caused a rush of pro and anti slavery “settlers” to fight for control (bleeding Kansas) One southern senator even beat a northern senator with his cane on the Senate floor because of a speech he made about KansasOne southern senator even beat a northern senator with his cane on the Senate floor because of a speech he made about Kansas

Cause #4 - The Dred Scott Case A slave claimed freedom because he had lived for awhile in a free stateA slave claimed freedom because he had lived for awhile in a free state Dred Scott vs. Sandford: the court declared that no black could be a United States citizenDred Scott vs. Sandford: the court declared that no black could be a United States citizen Congress could not prohibit slaveryCongress could not prohibit slavery

Cause #5 - American Two Party System Democrats were divided:Democrats were divided: –Northern Democrats believed each state and territory should determine slavery status itself –Southern Democrats believed slavery was protected by the Constitution and that Congress could establish slave states Republicans considered slavery evil and opposed its extension into Western territoriesRepublicans considered slavery evil and opposed its extension into Western territories (“…there is a higher law than the Constitution” if the constitution permitted slavery, then we are morally justified to ignore it. ) Other Republican factions formed: Know-Nothing Party blamed immigrants and Roman Catholics for the country's problemsOther Republican factions formed: Know-Nothing Party blamed immigrants and Roman Catholics for the country's problems

Discussion & Review In your opinion, which of the five causes had the biggest impact on the start of the U.S. Civil War?In your opinion, which of the five causes had the biggest impact on the start of the U.S. Civil War? Sectionalism Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott Decision American Two-Party System

The Election of Abraham Lincoln BackgroundBackground –Born very poor in a log cabin in Kentucky –Self educated lawyer; deep respect for the law –Known for his character, sincerity, and humor –Married to Mary Todd and had 4 sons (only 1 lived to adulthood)

The Election of Abraham Lincoln Election of The North had enough electoral votes to choose the president (Lincoln received only 40% of the popular vote) 2. The South leaves the Union –Secession: formal withdrawal from a nation –Jefferson Davis elected president His view of slavery was how he personally treated his slaves, which was good, and he was not well traveledHis view of slavery was how he personally treated his slaves, which was good, and he was not well traveled

Discussion Who do you think had the advantage in the Civil War, the Union or the Confederacy? Why?

The U.S. Civil War Advantages of the North –huge population –standing army and navy –Industrialization & manufacturing –large transportation system Advantages of the South –Determination and motivation –military leadership and combat expertise –only had to survive to succeed

Civil War Generals North: Ulysses S. Grant South: Robert E. Lee

The Civil War Lincoln’s Goals preserve the Unionpreserve the Union keep the border states on the side of the Unionkeep the border states on the side of the Union keep foreign countries from helping the Confederacykeep foreign countries from helping the Confederacy

What is missing from this list? Lincoln’s Goals preserve the Unionpreserve the Union keep the border states on the side of the Unionkeep the border states on the side of the Union keep foreign countries from helping the Confederacykeep foreign countries from helping the Confederacy

Lincoln’s Goals “My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that.” - (Lincoln's Letter to Horace Greeley)

Civil War Event Worksheet nly!!!!!2012 0nly!!!!! The Civil War lasted from and was comprised of various events, battles and dates.The Civil War lasted from and was comprised of various events, battles and dates. To understand these a little better you are going to complete a graphic organizer for homework.To understand these a little better you are going to complete a graphic organizer for homework. These will be your notes for the section so make sure you actually read the section and summarize the information.These will be your notes for the section so make sure you actually read the section and summarize the information.