1 Please hold questions until the Q&A periods. CM 220 UNIT 5 Seminar: Understanding Your Audience and Outlining Your Big Idea You should be hearing music. If you do not, please adjust your speakers. Please hold questions until the Q&A periods. Professor Harrell General Education, Composition Kaplan University

Unit 5 Reading ReadingWhere to find Intro to Unit: The invention of the printing press, audience Click on unit 5 reading icon The Kaplan Guide to Successful Writing, chapters 7, 13, 14 (pp ) Posted in Doc Sharing’s reading folder 3 editorial articlesFiles posted in the Reading section (click on “journal” icons to access information and links to articles) 2

Unit 5 Tech Lab: Podcasts and Video 3

Unit 5 Invention Labs Invention Lab 1: Map at least 4 ideas for draft (prewriting exercise). Suggestion: include a revision of your thesis statement. Invention Lab 2: Formal and informal communications of big idea (letter to editor and post on Facebook, for example). Note: We have two separate discussion threads for this unit. Click on “invention lab 2” link to access the second thread. Be sure to respond to the required number of classmates in each thread. 4

APOSTROPHES Unit 5 grammar workshop 5

Rules 1.Use apostrophes with nouns to indicate possession: everyone’s dream, Jane’s jacket 2.Do NOT use with possessive pronouns (its, his, hers, yours, theirs, ours) 3.Do NOT use with plurals (Americans, citizens) unless they are showing possession: Americans’ values, citizens’ rights 4.With multiple nouns, use apostrophes depending upon meaning: Bill and Jane’s wedding (one wedding), Julie’s and Kathy’s weddings (two separate weddings) 6

Rules 5. Use apostrophes for contractions to show omitted letters: will not = won’t, I am = I’m 6. Use apostrophes to mark certain plural forms (letters, symbols, and words referred to as words): Sassafrass has 4 s’s. 7. APA recommends omitting the apostrophe for plurals of numbers and acronyms: PCs, 1990s 7

GETTING STARTED AND MAPPING IDEAS The Writing Process 8

Getting Started with Your Big Idea In unit 6, you will submit a 3-5 page draft of your Big Idea. Why is beginning early, in unit 5, helpful to you as a writer? What can you do to GET STARTED? 9

Common Prewriting Techniques Freewriting Brainstorming Bubbling Clustering See ch. 6 of The Kaplan Guide to Successful Writing for more on the writing process. Listing Informal outlining Annotating Questioning 10

Organizational Tools The site on graphic organizers at has links to various charts that might be helpful to start mapping ideas for the draft. 11

Bubbling Chart: Food Additives 12 Food additives—are they dangerous? Decreasing nutritional value of food? Compare ingredients and nutritional value Health risks?Cancer Rising obesity rates Impact on brain development? Neurological disorders (Parkinsons, Alzheimers, ADD ) Changing what we grow and how we grow it? Farmers growing more corn, soybeans (used in many of the additives like HFCS)

Listing chart: Banning cigarettes Main pointsSupport from sources? Audience concerns to address Examples I could use Cigarettes are bad for everyone’s health, smokers and non-smokers alike Surgeon General (warnings), medical reports on second- hand and third- hand smoke effects Should the government outlaw everything that is bad for us (fast food, etc.?) Childhood asthma and allergies, even ear infections, often tied into parents’ smoking Those horrible pictures they showed in elementary school of black lungs of smokers! 13

Organizing and Developing Your Ideas Establish a thesis Consider writing an outline (it can be changed later) Take the ideas in the outline and brainstorm each concept/argument Begin researching and incorporating evidence to support your argument/claims 14

AUDIENCE AND PURPOSE The next step 15

Audience and Purpose Why is paying attention to your audience and purpose KEY to successful persuasion? Who is the audience you would like to communicate to? What do you know about them and what do you need to know about them? What do you want to communicate to that audience? How can you best communicate your information to that audience? 16

Letters to the Editor 17

Letters to the Editor: Topics Truth and fiction on the stimulus bill [Editorial]. (2010, February 20). The New York Times. Retrieved from Mr. Obama Should Fix the Flawed Stimulus Package. [Editorial]. (2009, February 1). Retrieved from dyn/content/article/2009/01/31/AR html dyn/content/article/2009/01/31/AR html The immigration law fallacy: Will Texas be next? [Editorial]. (2010, June 16). Retrieved from Dallas-Tea-Party-Examiner~y2010m6d16-The-Immigration-Law- Fallacy-Will-Texas-Be-Nexthttp:// Dallas-Tea-Party-Examiner~y2010m6d16-The-Immigration-Law- Fallacy-Will-Texas-Be-Next 18

Letters to the Editor: Discussion Are these letters effective? What is the argument each makes? Are the authors and publications credible? Are the facts that the authors use credible? You can go to FactCheck.org to read credible information on this topic. FactCheck.org Select at least one argument in each letter that you can verify, or not, and discuss how this adds to or detracts from the writer’s argument. 19

Truth and fiction on the stimulus bill There is virtually no dispute among economists that the stimulus prevented a bad recession from becoming much worse. Among other things, it has preserved or created 1.6 million to 1.8 million jobs, according to various private sector analyses, and it is expected, ultimately, to add a total of roughly 2.5 million jobs. 20

The Immigration Law Fallacy: Will Texas Be Next? Recently the Obama administration reports that they are going to spend 35 million dollars to make life easy and comfortable for illegal immigrant detainees. Such amenities as soda fountains, cable TV, specially prepared meals, salad bars, free phone service, movie nights, dance instruction, and a plethora of other features will be instituted in holding facilities. This in response to Arizona residents and other American's over whelming support of enforcing federal laws against illegal aliens. Asst. Secretary of Homeland Security, John Morton, states that he does not agree with the laws as they are and may refuse to process deported illegals from Arizona. 21

Mr. Obama Should Fix the Flawed Stimulus Package Former Clinton administration budget director Alice Rivlin fears that "money will be wasted because the investment elements were not carefully crafted." Former Reagan administration economist Martin Feldstein writes that "it delivers too little extra employment and income for such a large fiscal deficit." Columbia University's Jeffrey D. Sachs labels the plan "an astounding mishmash of tax cuts, public investments, transfer payments and special treats for insiders.“ (para. 3) 22

Tips for Writing Editorial Letters Keep it short and simple (maximum 250 words) Let readers know who you are Know that editors have right to alter your submission Only submit to one publication at a time (wait for acceptance or rejection) opinion-editorial-piece-or-letter-to-the-editor/ 23

What other forms might I use to present my big idea to a wider audience? Post on Facebook page Blog post to friend Flyer to distribute to community Twitter feed Letter to specific audience (say, the school board) 24

Helpful Writing Center Tutorials TopicURL link to Archive Audience and Purposehttp://khe2.acrobat.com/p / ?launcher=false&fcsContent=true&pb Mode=normal Developing Ideashttp://khe2.acrobat.com/p / ?launcher=false&fcsContent=true&pb Mode=normal Avoiding Writer’s Blockhttp://khe2.acrobat.com/p / ?launcher=false&fcsContent=true&pb Mode=normal 25

Reference The University of British Columbia. (n.d.) Writing an effective opinion-editorial piece or letter to the editor. Retrieved from faculty-staff/writing-an-effective-opinion-editorial- piece-or-letter-to-the-editor/ 26

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