Chapter 1 The Nature of Life Mr. Raucci

The Fallacy “Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc” “________________________________” A logical fallacy stating, "Since that event followed this one, _____________________ ______________________________________.” The Truth Sequential occurrence ____________ _________________________________ SAT Box Latin Post – after Ergo – therefore Vocab Sequential – in a row

How to Out a Witch Bound Submersion There was no favorable result in this test; essentially the alleged witch would be bound at the hands and feet – with heavy rocked attached – and thrown into a body of water. If the body floated to the surface, that was proof, along some kind of whimsical lines, that the accused was indeed a witch (at which point they’d execute her by some other means). If she sank to the bottom – and inevitably drowned – she was innocent. Given that none of these girls had received any proper Navy Seals training – inhale, hold your breath, don’t panic – about 100% of them drowned, with apathetic standers-by shrugging it off, thinking ‘Oh well. Now we know.” SAT Box Vocab Whimsical – spontaneously playful Submerse – be below Immerse – surround with Allege – suggest Inevitable – guaranteed

“Cum Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc” A logical fallacy stating "with this, therefore because of this“ – implying that correlation implies causation The Fallacy a correlation between ____________________________________________ The Truth SAT Box Latin Cum – with Vocab Fallacy – false idea Implying – suggesting Correlation - relationship

Print out s.pdf s.pdf

Chapter 1 Vocabulary Growth Homeostasis Metabolism Nutrition Organism Reproduction Respiration Transport

Is Life Common? What is Life? What are the characteristics of life? Why is there life?

The Drake Equation Neil deGrasse Tyson explanation Big Bang explanation N = the number of civilizations in our galaxy with which communication might be possible (i.e. which are on our current past light cone) R * = the average number of star formation per year in our galaxy f p = the fraction of those stars that have planets n e = the average number of planets that can potentially support life per star that has planets f l = the fraction of planets that could support life that actually develop life at some point f i = the fraction of planets with life that actually go on to develop intelligent life (civilizations) f c = the fraction of civilizations that develop a technology that releases detectable signs of their existence into space L = the length of time for which such civilizations release detectable signals into space

N = 10 x.5 x 2 x 1 x.1 x.01 x 40,000 = 400 intelligent alien civilizations with the technology to transmit and potentially contact us. Next question: If SETI does receive a message, what then?

Characteristics of Life Biology – the study of living things 1.Living things are highly ____________________________ ______________________________________ 1. … are made up ___________________________. 2. … use ________________________________ 3. … have a definite ____________________________ 4. … have a limited ____________________________ 5. … grow 6. … respond ________________________________ 7. …are able ___________________________________ 8.Groups of living things ________________________________

What about a virus? Viruses are small portions of DNA or RNA surrounded _________________. They are only capable of ___________ _______________________. Are viruses alive? What if life is discovered elsewhere? Will we need to refine our definitions? Flu virus through an electron microscope SAT Box Vocab Refine – purify or make distinctions

SAT Box Latin Adeno - gland Rhino - nose Vocab Mosaic – made of many diverse parts Epidemic - widespread

Homeostasis Defn: the maintenance _________________________ ___________________ The key to understanding life Temperature, hormones, hydration, _________________________ _______________________, … SAT Box Latin Homeo – same Stasis – state of Vaso – blood vessel Vocab Maintenance – continuance Hydration – infuse water Dilation – expansion Constriction - shrinking

Nutrition Defn: the taking of materials from ___________________________ ______________________________ Nutrients – substances an organism _____________________________ _____________________________ (can come in the form of solids, liquids or gases) Ingestion – taking in __________ but usually not in a usable form Digestion – the _________________ __________________ materials into simpler forms

Transport Defn: the process by which ______________ _________________________________________ SAT Box Latin Extra – outside Intra - inside

(Cellular) Respiration The obtaining of _____________________ _____________________________________. – Aerobic – while utilizing ______________ – _________ – without utilizing oxygen SAT Box Latin Aer – air An - without Vocab Utilizing - using

Synthesis Defn: combining simple substances ________________ _________________ _________________. SAT Box Latin Syn – with Thesis – put Vocab Complementary – fitting together

Growth Increasing size – Unicellular – _________________ – Multicellular – ____________________________ specialization Animal growth is time defined Some Plants & some other organisms can grow indefinitely SAT Box Latin Uni – one Multi - many Vocab Indefinitely – without end

Excretion The process of ____________ _____________ Differs from secretion SAT Box Latin Ex – out or from photo - light

Regulation The process of __________________________ In animals performed by __________________ ________________________________________ – Endocrine – hormones = chemical messengers (also used by plants) – Nervous – neuro-chemical impulses Demo 1 – kidneys kidneys Demo 2 - temperature temperature SAT Box Latin Endo –within Exo – outside of

Reproduction Necessary for continuation of a species but not an individual organism Sexual – _______________________________ Asexual – ______________________________ SAT Box Latin A - not Vocab Clone – exact copy Trait - characterisitc

Metabolism The sum total of _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ Anabolism Catabolism SAT Box Latin Ana – up or repeating Cata – down Vocab Anabolism – building up Catabolism – breaking down