CONTROLLING DISEASE Chapter 7 Section 1

What is a Communicable Disease ? A disease that can spread from one person to another

What causes a communicable disease? 4 kinds of microbes viruses fungi bacteria protozoa

The 4 Kinds of microbes VIRUSES BACTERIA smallest kind of microbe tiny pieces of living matter live in all kinds of cells uses part of the cell that live and multiply BACTERIA only one cell some bacteria can move on their own others are carried by wind, water, or food.

PROTOZOA FUNGI largest kind of microbe single-celled creature that move on it’s own often live in ponds, streams, or other wet places FUNGI cannot move on their own cannot live and grow by themselves some live on the inside of people’s bodies

Microbes Can only live where they can get food and water Each kind causes a different disease Some microbes need air need a warm environment need a cold environment cannot live inside the body are common others are not

How do microbes cause disease? Some microbes make toxins What is a toxin? Harmful waste How do toxins work? They interfere with the way the body works Some microbes directly attack the body’s cells

The multiplying of microbes inside your body What is an infection? If your body does not stop the multiplying a few can become a million in a very short time A large number of microbes in your body can make you ill The multiplying of microbes inside your body MILLIONS

How does your body fight disease? Antibodies coat the disease microbe and make them harmless each kind of antibody works against only one disease some antibodies stay in your blood after you get better to give you immunity some antibodies stay in your blood all the time, this way you only get the disease once (chicken pox)

How can you help your body fight harmful microbes? You can help by keeping your resistance strong Resistance is your body’s ability to fight disease Follow healthful habits eating a balanced diet exercising resting and getting enough sleep

Key Questions 1. Name four groups of microbes. 2. How do microbes cause disease? (2 ways) 3. How do antibodies give you immunity? (2steps)

Controlling Communicable Disease Chapter 7 Section 2

Four main weapons to fight communicable disease Sanitation ways people keep their surroundings clean and free of disease microbes keeps certain diseases from starting or spreading Hygiene habits people’s own ways of keeping clean Vaccines gives a person immunity to a certain disease without becoming ill vaccines are used to fight viruses Antibiotics medicines that can kill harmful bacteria

How do vaccines control disease? Vaccines are weakened microbes of the disease placed in your body so that you form antibodies for the disease. These antibodies stay in your system and give you immunity to the disease without ever having to get sick from the disease. Vaccines can be injected, swallowed and some may be taken as a nasal-spray.

*You need a booster for some vaccines to keep your immunity. Recommended Vaccines 2,4,6, and 18 months 15 months 12 months 2,4, and 18 months 2,4,6 and 18 months Diphtheria Measles Mumps Whooping cough Polio Rubella Tetanus *You need a booster for some vaccines to keep your immunity.

How do antibiotics control disease? Antibiotic destroy harmful microbes that cause infections Antibiotics only work against disease caused by bacteria. The world’s first antibiotic... PENICILLIN Discovered by: Alexander Fleming

How does sanitation control disease? In the past many people did not know enough about microbes and how diseases spread. They did not realize their actions were making people sick. The quick spread of a disease to large number of people is called an epidemic. About 600 years ago an epidemic spread throughout Europe killing thousands of people. Bubonic Plague

Modern Sanitation Garbage Disposal Sewage Treatment Modern sanitation help people keep their surroundings clean and free of harmful microbes Garbage Disposal Sewage Treatment Water Treatment Food Preparation

WORLD’S FIRST SUCCESSFUL VACCINE Dr. Edward Jenner England, 1796 Cowpox microbes SMALLPOX

Some Communicable Diseases Chapter 7 Section 3

The most common communicable disease in the United States What are colds? Symptoms (signs of a disease) runny or stuffy nose sore throat coughing Transmission breathing in droplets of water Unwashed hands Treatment rest cover your sneezes with disposable tissues drink plenty of water and juices The most common communicable disease in the United States

What is Hepatitis? Hepatitis is caused by several different viruses It infects the liver Symptoms nausea vomiting jaundice stomach ache fever Transmission unwashed hands sharing food or drink Treatment rest

What is Mononucleosis? Sports players, friends and family members often get Mono by sharing drink containers Symptoms sudden fever swollen lymph glands tiredness sore throat Transmission saliva or droplets from the mouth mouth to mouth sharing drink or food Treatment rest

What are Sexually Transmitted Diseases? Chlamydia swelling of and scars on the ovaries and testes can be passed from mothers to their babies during birth Gonorrhea no symptoms in females painful urination in males Damages the heart, ovaries, testes and joints Diseases spread by intimate body contact Both can be treated with antibiotics

What is AIDS ? NO VACCINE NO CURE Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Kills white blood cells (T lymphocytes) By killing the T cells it weakens the body’s natural immunity to all diseases People with AIDS often get disease healthy people do not get. pneumonia rare types of cancer NO VACCINE NO CURE

PREVENTING THIS DEADLY DISEASE Transmission (bloodstream) sexual contact sharing of injection needles mother to child during birth blood transfusion (unlikely)

Noncommunicable Disease Chapter 7 Section4

What is a Noncommunicable Disease ? A Disease that… is not caused by microbes cannot pass from one person to another comes from inside a person’s body Today in the United States, cancer and heart disease take more lives than any other disease.

What causes Noncommunicable Disease? The way a person lives Not getting enough exercise Not getting enough sleep Not eating a balanced diet Many disease are called Chronic What does chronic mean? lasting for a long time

Diseases of the Circulatory System Arteriosclerosis Begins when cholesterol and fatty matter collect in the arteries and the arteries become clogged. This can then lead to a Heart Attack High Blood Pressure Is also known as HYPERTENSION The artery walls become hard and thick When a blood vessel in the brain bursts it causes a STROKE

Cancer