 Sixteenth Amendment legalizes graduated federal income tax  Federal Reserve System — private banking system under federal control › Nation divided into 12 districts; central bank in each district (Atlanta has one)

 Military Size (Militarism) › Many powerful countries building up their armies, in case of war.  Alliances › Countries agreeing to support others in case of war. › This is a major reason why the war escalated so quickly.  Imperialism › European and Asian nations wanted to expand their influences around the world.  Nationalism › Countries acting on their own self-interests.

 Austria-Hungry annexes Bosnia  A group called the Black Hand wants to see Bosnia and Serbia join together. › Black Hand starts to plan the assassination of heir to the Austro- Hungarian throne Franz Ferdinand.

 July 28, Austria Hungary declares war on Serbia › Russia comes in as Serbia’s ally. › Germany declares war on Russia. › France enters as Russia’s ally. › Germany decides to wipe out France first, so they go through Belgium, which brings Britain into the war.  Within one week all major European powers were involved in the war.

 Soldiers fight in trenches for days  Area between trenches called “no- man’s land”

 Infection caused by cold and unsanitary conditions.  Men stood in waterlogged trenches.  Only treatment was to apply whale oil and dry feet as much as possible.

British Howitzer Early Tank Red Baron Machine Gun

British tank crossing a trenchPlane used in WWI U.S. Submarines USS South Carolina

 U-Boats  U-Boats were German submarines used in naval warfare during WWI.  U-boats sinks the Lusitania. › The sinking of this ship is ONE of the reasons the US gets involved in WWI.

 Zimmerman Note › Germany promises Mexico their lost lands such as Texas if they will fight the USA  US declares war in April 1917 › Wilson wished for US to remain neutral, but the actions of the Zimmerman Note and the sinking of the Lusitania

 War comes to an end with in Nov when an armistice (cease fire ) is finally ordered by the Allies.  Fourteen Points- Wilson’s plan for post WWI peace in Europe.  League of Nations- Wilson’s plan for an organization of nations to ensure world peace. › Said that an attack on one, was an attack on all.  Versailles Treaty- Peace treaty signed with Germany to end the WWI. (U.S. did not sign)

 Selective Service Act- drafting of young men to the military to fight in WWI. Used a lottery to pick.  Espionage Act- banned printed materials objecting to the war. Also enacted penalties for speaking out against the war, etc. $ or prison.  Great Migration- Movement of large number of African Americans from the rural south to the industrial north to find jobs during the war.  Red Scare- A wave of widespread fear of communist. › Palmer Raids- Police arrested thousands of suspected communist or immigrants.

 Well known SOCIALIST presidential candidate (Socialist Party) › Opposed US involvement in WWI › Thrown in jail for his opposition. › Disliked by Wilson

 18 th Amendment passed in October 1919 › Prohibition of alcohol  Included production, consumption, and sales  19 th Amendment passed in May › Gives women the right to vote

 Sedition Acts  Sedition Acts : speaking out against war- time government illegal.  Demobilization:  Demobilization: army standing down after fighting. › Soldiers coming back home

 Court case over the Espionage Act › Oliver Wendell Holmes, a socialist, was printing pamphlets telling young men to skip the draft. › US Supreme Court declares that Holmes presented a ‘Clear and Present danger”  This means that even though Holmes had Freedom of Speech, what he said was a “clear and present danger” to the war-time government