Unit 4 Citizenship Individuals can demonstrate national identity by fulfilling duties and responsibilities.

Duties and Responsibilities (C&G 4.3, C&G 4.5) 1. obey the law 2. jury duty/ jury service 3. Selective Service / register for the draft 4. pay taxes Duties What one must DO, required by law

Responsibilities expected, but no legal penalty 1. vote 2. volunteer 3. be informed 4. be respectful, tolerant 5. accept the results of elections, bills passed, court decisions 6. protest legally (boycott, write letters, organize an interest group and hire a lobbyist, … ) 7. civil disobedience

Naturalization is the process by which U.S. citizenship is granted to a foreign citizen or national after he or she fulfills the requirements established by Congress in the Immigration and Nationality Act Natural Born Citizen is someone “born a citizen”

Bill of Rights / Amendments (C&G 2.3, C&G 2.6, C&G 2.7, C&G 3.8)

Amendments 1-10 Bill of Rights 1. RAPPS 2 Right to keep and bear arms in order to maintain a well regulated militia. 3 No quartering of soldiers. 4 Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures. 5 Right to due process of law, freedom from self-incrimination, double jeopardy. 6 Rights of accused persons, e.g., right to a speedy and public trial. 7 Right of trial by jury in civil cases. 8 Freedom from excessive bail, cruel and unusual punishments. 9 Other rights of the people. 10 Powers reserved to the states.

Amendments th Abolished slavery. 14 th Made "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" citizens of the country. 15 th A constitutional amendment that gave African American men the right to vote.

18+21 Amendments 18 th Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages. 21 st Repealed prohibition. Shows how our constitution is a living document and can change with time. Even if it repeals a previous amendment.

Other Voting/Suffrage Amendments 19 th Granted women the right to vote in rd Amendment that gives the right of voting to citizens in Washington D.C. and that they get votes in the electoral college 24 th Prohibits poll tax in federal elections 26 th Lowered the voting age to 18 (from 21)

Other Amendment 22 nd Two term limit for President

Supremacy Clause Marbury v. Madison, 1803 – judicial review, the judicial branch may review a law passed by Congress and declare it unconstitutional.

1st Amendment court cases *Tinker v Des Moines, 1969 – students may use clothing as a form of protest (Amend 1) *Hazelwood v Kuhlmeier, 1988 – a principal may censor the student newspaper *Bethel School District v Frasier, 1986 – student speech may not disrupt *Engel v Vitale, 1962 – a teacher may not lead students in a prayer *Texas v. Johnson, 1989 – an individual may burn the US flag as a protest (Amend 1)

4th Amendment Court Cases *NJ v TLO, 1985 – a student may be searched for “reasonable suspicion”. *Mapp v. Ohio, 1961 – officers must have a warrant to search.

5th Amendment Court Cases *Miranda v Arizona, 1966 – Miranda rights must be read to a suspect. *In Re Gault, 1967 – juveniles accused of crimes in a delinquency proceeding must be afforded many of the same due process rights as adults

6 th Amendment Court Case *Gideon v. Wainwright, 1963 – right to an attorney (Amend 6)

8 th Amendment Court Case *Gregg v. Georgia, 1976 – a death penalty can be used as long as it meets certain criteria *Furman v. Georgia, 1972 – stopped the use of the death penalty

9 th Amendment Court Case Roe v Wade – The U.S. Supreme Court decision which struck down many state laws restricting abortion.

14 Amendment Court Cases Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 – separate is equal, public facilities will be segregated Brown v. Board of Education, 1954 – separate is not equal, public facilities will desegregate Korematsu v. US, 1944 – citizens may lose their rights during war time Regents of the Univ of Cali. v Bakke, 1978 – 1st successful challenge of affirmative action, race can not be the only factor

Article 1 of the Constitution Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824 – the US government can control interstate trade and commerce, steamboats Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. US, 1964 – private businesses must integrate, cannot discriminate on the basis of race

Article 6 of the Constitution McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 – a state cannot tax the federal government, the Bank of the US was constitutional