Hunger Motivation “Are we what we eat?” please have out notes and writing utensil Hunger Motivation “Are we what we eat?”

Hunger Motivation- Today’s Plan Warm-Up: Psychology of Food- emotions and what we eat What motivates hunger? Physiology of Hunger Body Chemistry Hunger Hormones Taste Preference Warm-Up: What is the motivation of hunger? Hunger is a good motivated behavior to focus on because it involves physiology and psychology at the same time. Why do we eat?

Motivations to Eat On your Own complete the Motivations to eat handout in your workbook You will use this later

Psychology of Food Number your paper 1-10 On the next slides, answer the questions and write down the first things that come to mind; it can be a memory if you have one and or an emotion that’s tied to the image. Let’s do one together

What emotion do you associate with this food? Number 1-6 on your paper. I am going to show you some pictures and I want you to each respond to the question on the slide.

What time of the year do you associate with this food?

When would you want to eat this?

What smells do you associate with this food?

What types of events would you eat this food?

Which one of these foods appeal to you the most? Why?

What is the first emotion that comes to your mind?

What memories if any do you have of this food?

Popcorn Sharing What are some emotions you feel about the following: (go back through some of the slides) Do you have a specific memory you can tie any of these foods with? Why do we produce these feelings? What is the psychology of hunger?

What Motivates Hunger? Physically: Psychology: Stomach Contractions Body Chemistry Hypothalamus Psychology: External Incentives Trigger by the presence of food Eating by the “clock” Eating because it is time to eat; lunch/dinner Social Eating Stress/Depression Other Eating cues Holidays or watching TV/Movies

Physiology of Hunger Washburn’s studies showed hunger was partially related to the stomach. But those with their stomachs removed still feel hunger.

The hormone insulin converts glucose to fat. Body Chemistry Glucose The hormone insulin converts glucose to fat. When glucose levels drop- hunger increases.

Pleasure center of the brain In the 1960’s it was discovered that hunger comes from……….. Pleasure center of the brain The Hypothalamus….which is known as the

How does the hypothalamus work? Two Theories Set Point Hypothalamus acts like a thermostat. We are meant to be in a certain weight range. When we fall below weight our body will increase hunger and decrease energy expenditure (Basic Metabolic Rate). What happens if we go above our set point? Leptin Leptin is a protein produced by bloated fat cells. Hypothalamus senses rises in leptin and will curb eating and increase activity. Can leptin injections help me?

Hunger: A Complex Process Hunger vs. Appetite: reasons we eat Diet anecdote (the response of others) All sorts of environmental cues everywhere Far more access to junk food; toxic food environment Huge portions Motivation to Eat Scale (Assignment) Key Terms Broken Down: Lateral Hypothalamus (LH) – When stimulated, we eat, even if we’re full (Large Hunger) Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH) – When stimulated, we won’t eat, even if empty (Very Minute Hunger)

Hunger Hormones Insulin – secreted by pancreas, controls bloods sugar Leptin – secreted by fat cells, increases metabolism, reduces appetite Orexin – secreted by hypothalamus, triggers hunger Ghrelin – secreted by empty stomach, tells brain “I’m hungry” Obestatin – secreted by stomach, tells brain, “I’m full.” PPY – secreted by digestive tract, tells brain, “I’m not hungry.” Hypoglycemia- lack of food, low blood sugar Hyperglycemia- high blood sugar, also known as diabetes

Taste Preference! Taste preferences vary from culture to culture What is a supertaster? Are you an internal eater or an external eater? What cultural factors influence your eating habits?

The Psychology of Hunger Externals: people whose eating is triggered more by the presence of food than internal factors. Internals: people who eat based on internal cues like hunger.

Taste Preferences Food taste better and we chew less when we are hungry (beginning of a meal). Food tastes worse and we chew more when we are not hungry (at the end of the meal). Its weird, the better the food tastes, the less time we leave it in our mouths.

Taste Preference: Biology or Culture? Body chemistry and environmental factors influence not only when we feel hunger but what we feel hungry for! Richard Olsenius/ Black Star Victor Englebert

Culture and Taste

Night Market in Beijing, China

South America: Incan Culture

American Culture VS. Worldly Cultures What do you think has shaped American Culture and they types of food we eat? Do you think that different cultures have better eating patterns than American Culture? EXIT SLIP: On your way out: What are some things you are still not understanding about Hunger and Motivation? Tomorrow: Eating Disorders and Weight Management

Eating Disorders Are certain people more vulnerable to have an eating disorder?

Eating Disorders Today’s Plans: Teen Truth: Body Image Discussion Body Image Group Work Teen Truth: Body Image http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpFBKeuKf7M We need to start looking at the psychology of these ideas behind body image and eating disorders. How can we start embracing and supporting others just as they are?

Eating Disorders- Anorexia Nervosa An eating disorder in which a normal weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve.

Eating Disorders- Bulimia Nervosa An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high caloric foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.

Eating Disorders- Binge Eating Significant binge-eating episodes followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa.

Eating Disorders- Obesity A disorder characterized by being excessively overweight. Obesity increases the risk for health issues like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, and back problems. http://www.cyberdiet.com

Reasons for Eating Disorders Sexual Abuse: Childhood sexual abuse does not cause eating disorders. Family: Younger generations develop eating disorders when raised in families in which weight is an excessive concern. Genetics: Twin studies show that eating disorders are more likely to occur in identical twins rather than fraternal twins.

Eating Disorders: Where do they come from? Small Group Discussion As a group respond to the questions: Are these disorders cultural? What pressures does society put on young women and men about body image? Are women or men more prone to having an eating disorder, why? What does body image have to do with it? What factors predispose some people to become and remain obese? What social effects cause obesity? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O57WYG_Siq0&feature=related

Body Image Body Image Assessment (HO) Complete Honestly! What looks good to you? Draw your dream body  In groups of 3-4 draw your ideal body: Choose your gender Trace or sketch a body on the butcher paper Highlight/Circle what areas of the body most people should be concerned with. Write on the body what should look good EX: Thick Calves, toned arms, chiseled abs, etc. Please be appropriate How can we break stigma’s on body images and embrace the body’s we have? Flip the body trace out over Write words on the body that can help support someone who would be struggling with body image issues. EX: Beautiful in your own skin, Curves are real, etc. Use your group questions to help with this par These will be hung in the hall to help people with their own body image 

Psychology Today- Interesting Survey A total of 89% of women respondents said they want to lose weight: 22% of males said they wanted to gain weight. 15% of women and 11% of men said they would sacrifice more than 5 years of their lives to be the weight they want. Body dissatisfaction affected those women who described themselves as feminists (32%) as well as those who said they were more traditional (49%). Feminists did indicate that they were less willing to use such drastic measures as vomiting to control their weight. Pregnancy was increasingly being viewed as an encumbrane to body image. Some women said they were choosing not to have kids for this reason. Teasing during childhood or teen years had a lasting effect on women’s feelings about their bodies. More than 3 out of 10 women said that the models in the media made them feel angry and resentful. Media models made more than 4 out of 10 women feel insecure.

Last Minute Class Stuff: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpFBKeuKf7M Last Minute Class Stuff: Read/Skim 8B: Topic- Emotions and Stress What do you want to know more about? List items on a post-it; this will help me narrow down things we do in class 