Personal Development for Communication Technology Pratik Man Singh Pradhan | Module Code: CT1039NI | Week 4 - Tutorial

Essay Writing Explain what you know

Objectives  Revision- feedback and importance  Writing an essay

Feedback and its importance  Feedback  Types- Positive, negative feedback and feed-forward  Types- Motivational, immediate, evaluative, descriptive  Five balancing strategies- use them all, ask for opinion, tie it all together, more “and” less “but”, focus on future.  Respond to the feedback

Questionnaire  Types of question- open ended and close ended  Characteristics of good questionnaire  the research objectives,  provides complete and accurate information;  is easy for both interviewers and respondents to complete,  is so designed as to make sound analysis and interpretation possible and

Nine steps to develop questionnaire 1. Decide the information required. 2. Define the target respondents. 3. Choose the method(s) of reaching your target respondents. 4. Decide on question content. 5. Develop the question wording. 6. Put questions into a meaningful order and format. 7. Check the length of the questionnaire. 8. Pre-test the questionnaire. 9. Develop the final survey form.

Essay  It comes from latin word exagium- the presentation of case.  When constructing an essay, you have to think of making a case, building a case, in a way that is appropriate for your subject  In some ways, it can help to think about a lawyer prosecuting or defending a client

Essay  When it comes to searching the answer to academic essay questions, you have to:  Break the whole question down into mini-points that can be covered one at a time  Search for a evidence- things that other people have written-for and against your arguments  Think of a case that you want to make  Think of a separate arguments that would go to making your case  Make sure you have evidence for each argument

Essay- Structure Body= 80% length Answers the question! In a chain of paragraphs that built and present the CASE. Each paragraph One big idea Introduce Define Offer argument Offer evidence and discussion Make final point Conclusion=15% length Restate arguments Restate points No new evidence Could make recommendations Proves that you have answered the whole question Plan Draft Review, revise and edit Introduction=5% length Tells the reader how will you answer the question Write last once you know where the essay is going Bibliography: Harvard System

Essay structure- the introduction  First paragraph of the essay  Between 5% -7% of the total length  Here you tell the reader how you are going to answer the question  Here you write the introductory remarks that acknowledges the importance of the topic and then give the agenda of the essay.  Write the introduction last when you know where the essay is going.

Essay structure- the body  Here you answer the question that you have been set.  It can be 80% of the total length  Answer the question in a chain of paragraphs that you have organised to build a well organised case  Typically written in third person, past tense- for e.g. it can be argued that ….rather than I think this….

Essay structure- the body  Paragraph structure  Each paragraph has a set of convention  Introduction  Definition  Argument  Evidence plus discussion  Final point Here it is useful that you are communicating with reader. Therefore when writing, imagine your reader asking you questions, and make sure that your writing answers them.

Essay structure- the body Paragraph as dialogue  What is this paragraph about?- introduce your topic  What exactly is that?- define explain or clarify  What is your argument in relation to the question?- say something about your topic  What is your evidence?- say who or what supports your argument  What is your final point?( how does this paragraph relate to the question as a whole?)- take the paragraph back to the question

Essay structure- the conclusion  This is the last- often long paragraph of the essay.  13%-15% of the total length  Here you  Restate you main arguments and points in a way that proves that you have answered the whole question.  Do not include any new information or evidence but you may make recommendations if appropriate.

Essay structure- bibliography  Literally a book list  Record of all the sources you have used to construct your essay.  Harvard referencing style

Why write essay?  Part of an assessment  Essay helps you to undertake deep learning of your subject  Powerful learning tool for students- they cannot really understand their subjects until they have and can write essays within their discipline.

How to prepare and write an essay?  Preparing to research-question analysis  How much should I read?  Review your notes- do not write on both sheets of paper while making notes, make sure you can see your notes all at once  Plan- write whole question out again in the middle of paper, circle key words or phrases, note key points from you reading to the key words in the question, now number the different sections of your rough plan in the order in which you think will mention them in your essay.  Write the first draft  Put it aside – worry about one thing at a time  Review, revise and edit  Proofread  Hand it in  Getting work back

SWOT in your Essay  Strengths  Weakness  Opportunities  Threats

Classwork  Write an essay about a Security Systems of ATM Machines in Banks.  Your essay should follow the structure discussed above.

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