Geologic Resources: Nonrenewable Mineral and Energy Resources G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 13 th Edition Chapter 15

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Presentation transcript:

Geologic Resources: Nonrenewable Mineral and Energy Resources G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 13 th Edition Chapter 15

Objectives - Mining  Describe the formation, extraction, and reserves of mineral resources.  Evaluate the environmental effects of utilizing mineral resources.

Application  Find the answers to the following questions: 1. How are minerals formed? 2.List the two main types of mineral extraction. 3.Why is it possible for mineral reserves to grow? 4.How have mining laws changed over time?  Find the answers to the following questions: 1. How are minerals formed? 2.List the two main types of mineral extraction. 3.Why is it possible for mineral reserves to grow? 4.How have mining laws changed over time?

Formation  Internal and external geologic processes Magma Black smoker Sulfide deposit White crab White clam Tube worms White smoker

Mineral Resources - Nonrenewable  Economical extraction (ore)  Metallic, nonmetallic, energy  Reserves – known supply, profitable extraction. Fig p. 339

Global Reserves  Economic depletion  Environmental concerns  Finding substitutes Fig. 1-7 p. 10

Surfacing Mining  Overburden: waste material - spoils  Open-pit

Surfacing Mining  Dredging  Strip mining

Surfacing Mining  Mountaintop removal

Subsurface Mining  Room and pillar  Longwall

Processing Ore Gangue Tailings “Mineral”

Environmental Effects Fig p. 343

Environmental Effects - Extraction  Disturbed land surface  Erosion of toxic mining wastes  Noise  Worker health/accidents

Environmental Effects - Processing  Tailings - pollution  Smelting Fig p. 344  Pollution  Noise  Worker health/accidents

Environmental Effects - Use  Processing of metals  Waste  Recycle Surface mining Metal ore Separation of ore from gangue Scattered in environment Recycling Discarding of product Conversion to product Conversion to product Discarding of product Conversion to product Scattered in environment Discarding of product Conversion to product Surface mining Scattered in environment Discarding of product Conversion to product Metal ore Surface mining Scattered in environment Discarding of product Conversion to product Separation of ore from gangue Metal ore Surface mining Scattered in environment Discarding of product Conversion to product Melting metal Smelting

Laws  General Mining Law of 1872 Purchase public lands No environmental cleanup  General Mining Law of 1872 Purchase public lands No environmental cleanup  Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 Restoration Tax  Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 Restoration Tax

Objectives - Mining  Describe the formation, extraction, and reserves of mineral resources.  Evaluate the environmental effects of utilizing mineral resources.

Application  Find the answers to the following questions: 1. How are minerals formed? 2.List the two main types of mineral extraction. 3.Why is it possible for mineral reserves to grow? 4.How have mining laws changed over time?  Find the answers to the following questions: 1. How are minerals formed? 2.List the two main types of mineral extraction. 3.Why is it possible for mineral reserves to grow? 4.How have mining laws changed over time?