introduction of Android Framework 2010/1/14 1

Outline (1) –Mobile OS on Market Symbian Android WindowMobile PalmWebOS i-Phone –Mobile Application Store App Store Android Market Blackberry App World Nokia Ovi Store Palm App Catalog Marketplace for Mobile 2

Outline (2) 本周主題 –Introduction to Android Framework Core Platform Services –Views System –Activity Manager –Window Manager –Content Provider –Resource Manager –Package Manager –Notification Manager Hardware Services –Location Manager –Telephony Manager –Bluetooth Service –Wifi Service –USB Service –Sensor Service Component of an Android Application 3

Outline (1) –Mobile OS on Market Symbian Android WindowMobile PalmWebOS i-Phone –Mobile Application Store App Store Android Market Blackberry App World Nokia Ovi Store Palm App Catalog Marketplace for Mobile 4

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What is Symbian? An proprietary operating system for mobile devices and smartphones by Symbian Ltd. Symbian is the world's most popular mobile operating system, accounting for 50% of smartphone sales in Q The process of publishing the source code under the Eclipse Public License (EPL) was slated for completion in

Symbian’s History YearEvent 1980Psion founded by David Potter 1984Psion Organiser launched 1986the "vastly improved" Psion Organiser II launches, with a simple-to-use database programming language, OPL. 1987Psion begins development of its “SIBO" family of devices and its own new multitasking operating system called EPOC to run its PDA products. 1989First EPOC16 devices, the MC400 and MC200, ship with a primarily 1-bit, keyboard-operated graphical interface. 1997The first version of EPOC32 Release 1 appeared on the Psion Series 5 ROM v1.0. The EPOC32 operating system, at the time simply referred to as EPOC, was later renamed Symbian OS. EPOC32 was a pre-emptive multitasking, single user operating system with memory protection, which encourages the application developer to separate their program into an engine and an interface. 1998In June Psion Software became Symbian, a major joint venture between Psion and phone manufacturers Ericsson, Motorola, and Nokia. As of Release 6, EPOC became known simply as Symbian OS. 1999The Psion Series 5mx, Psion Series 7, Psion Revo, Diamond Mako, Psion netBook, netPad, GeoFox One, and Ericsson MC218 were released using ER5. A phone project was announced at CeBIT, the Phillips Illium/Accent, but did not achieve a commercial release. 2000The first phone, the Ericsson R380 was released using ER5u in November. 2001The first 'open' Symbian OS phone, the Nokia 9210 Communicator, was released in June Bluetooth support was added. Almost 500,000 Symbian phones were shipped in 2001, rising to 2.1 million the following year. 2003First shipment of Symbian OS 7.0 and 7.0s, an important Symbian release which appeared with all contemporary user interfaces including UIQ, Series 80, Series 90, Series 60 as well as several FOMA phones in Japan. It also added EDGE support and IPv6. One million Symbian phones were shipped in Q1 2003, with the rate increasing to one million a month by the end of Psion sells its stake in Symbian millionth phone with Symbian OS is shipped. 2008Symbian acquired by Nokia; Symbian Foundation formed. 7

Layers in Symbian OS 8

Symbian’s Features Features: –Pre-emptive Multitasking –Memory protection –like other operating systems Design principles –The integrity and security of user data is paramount, –user time must not be wasted, and all resources are scarce. 9

Symbian’s Products Ericsson R380 –First Symbian phone –Version: Symbian v5.1 –Release Date: 2000 Nokia 9210 –The first 'open' Symbian OS phone –Version: Symbian v6.0 –Release Date: Nokia N97 –Version: Symbian v9.4(S60) –Release Date:

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What is Android Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. 12

Android’s History In July 2005, Google acquired Android, Inc. Update History: –1.5 (Cupcake) Released on 30 April 2009 –1.6 (Donut) Released on 15 September 2009 –2.0 (Eclair) Released on 26 October 2009 –2.0.1 Release 1 Released on 3 December 2009 –2.1 (Flan ) –Released on 12 January

Android’s Features Handset layouts The platform is adaptable to larger, VGA, 2D graphics library, 3D graphics library based on OpenGL ES 1.0 specifications, and traditional smartphone layouts. StorageThe Database Software SQLite is used for data storage purposes ConnectivityAndroid supports connectivity technologies including GSM/EDGE, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi. MessagingSMS and MMS are available forms of messaging including threaded text messaging. Web browserThe web browser available in Android is based on the open-source WebKit application framework. The browser scores a 93/100 on the Acid3 Test. Java supportSoftware written in Java can be compiled to be executed in the Dalvik virtual machine, which is a specialized VM implementation designed for mobile device use, although not technically a standard Java Virtual Machine. Media supportAndroid supports the following audio/video/still media formats: H.263, H.264 (in 3GP or MP4 container), MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB (in 3GP container), AAC,HE-AAC (in MP4 or 3GP container), MP3, MIDI, OGG Vorbis, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP. Additional hardware surport Android can use video/still cameras, touchscreens, GPS, accelerometers, magnetometers, accelerated 2D bit blits (with hardware orientation, scaling, pixel format conversion) and accelerated 3D graphics. Development environment Includes a device emulator, tools for debugging, memory and performance profiling, a plugin for the Eclipse IDE. MarketLike many phone-based application stores, the Android Market is a catalog of applications that can be downloaded and installed to target hardware over-the-air, without the use of a PC. Originally only freeware applications were supported. Paid-for apps have been available on the Android Market in the United States since 19 February [36] The Android Market has been expanding rapidly. By December, 2009, it had over 20,000 Android applications for download. [36] Muti-touchAndroid has native support for multi-touch which is available in newer handsets such as the HTC Hero. The feature was initially disabled at the kernel level (possibly to avoid infringing Apple patents on touch-screen technology) 14

Android’s Features Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of components Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile devices Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine Optimized graphics powered by a custom 2D graphics library; 3D graphics based on the OpenGL ES 1.0 specification SQLite for structured data storage Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats GSM Telephony Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer Rich development environment including a device emulator, tools for debugging, memory and performance profiling, and a plugin for the Eclipse IDE 15

Layers in Android OS 16

Android’s Products G1: –First Android phone –Version: Android v1.0 –Release Date: HTC Tattoo – 第一隻可由內到外客製化的 Android Phone –Version: Android v1.6 –Release Date: Tattoo HTC Tattoo G1 17

Android’s Products Google Nexus One –First Google phone –Version: Android v2.1 –Release Date: Google Nexus One 18

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Windows Mobile’s History 版本發布日期附註別名基於 Pocket PC 年 4 月 19 日里程碑 "Rapier"( 雙刃劍 ) Windows CE 3.0 Pocket PC 年 10 月 "Merlin"( 默林 ) Windows CE 4.0 Windows Mobile 年 6 月 23 日 第一個版本的 Windows Mobile "Ozone"( 臭氧 ) Windows CE 4.1 Windows Mobile 2003 SE 2004 年 3 月 24 日 Windows Mobile 2003 的第二版 Windows CE 4.2 Windows Mobile 年 5 月 12 日 "Magneto"( 磁電機 ) Windows CE 5.0 Windows Mobile 年 2 月 12 日 "Crossbow"( 石弓 ) Windows CE 5.1 Windows Mobile 年 4 月 1 日 Windows CE 5.2 Windows Mobile 年 5 月 11 日 Windows CE 5.2 Windows Mobile 年 2 月 1 日 "Photon”Windows CE

Windows Mobile is a combination of the Windows CE operating system, a new user interface and applications. –Smartphone – Windows Mobile Standard Edition – a cell phone first. Does not have a touch screen. –Pocket PC – Windows Mobile Professional – a data input device using a touch screen. 22

Windows Mobile’s Pocket PC 2000 Pocket PC 2002 Windows Mobile 2003 Windows Mobile 2003 SE Windows Mobile 5.0 Windows Mobile 6 Windows Mobile 6.1 Windows Mobile 6.5 Without Mobile Phone Pocket PC 2000 Pocket PC 2002 Windows Mobile 2003 for Pocket PC N/AWindows Mobile 5.0 for Pocket PC Windows Mobile 6 Classic Windows Mobile 6.1 Classic N/A With Mobile Phone & Touch Screen Pocket PC 2000 Phone Edition Pocket PC 2002 Phone Edition Windows Mobile 2003 for Pocket PC Phone Edition Windows Mobile 2003 SE for Pocket PC Phone Edition Windows Mobile 5.0 for Pocket PC Phone Edition Windows Mobile 6 Professional Windows Mobile 6.1 Professional Windows Mobile 6.5 Professional Without Touch Screen N/ASmartphone 2002 Windows Mobile 2003 for Smartphone Windows Mobile 2003 SE for Smartphone Windows Mobile 5.0 for Smartphone Windows Mobile 6 Standard Windows Mobile 6.1 Standard Windows Mobile 6.5 Standard 23

Windows Mobile’s Features Windows Mobile offers: –Cell phone – voice calling –Cellular based data – EvDO, 1xRTT, GPRS, EDGE and UMTS –Wi-Fi – b as well as g –Storage – internal storage and expansion via microSD, miniSD or SD flash –Connectivity – Supports TCP/IP, web browser, IMAP and POP3 , native Exchange support –Ability to display Word, Excel, and PowerPoint files – Pocket PCs can edit Word and Excel files 24

What isn’t Windows Mobile –Is not the same operating system and functionality of Windows that you have on your desktop PC –Doesn’t run standard Windows applications including ActiveX controls designed for the PC. –Limited browser functionality – subset of JavaScript and limited screen size affect usability of desktop websites –Slower devices – most Windows Mobile devices CPUs run at MHz –Limited storage – The internal flash storage is significantly smaller than your PC’s hard drive. Usually you will have anywhere from 32MB to 128MB of internal storage 25

Windows Mobile’s Products Casio Cassiopeia EM-500 HP Jornada 560 O2 XDA IIiASUS P525HTC-HD2 Pocket PC 2000 Pocket PC 2002 Windows Mobile 2003 Windows Mobile 5.0 Windows Mobile 年 10 月 2005 年 5 月 2006 年 6 月 19 日在台上市 2009 年 11 月 17 日在台上市 26

Palm webOS History Version.Release Date. WebOS – Build 194 Sprint Config – 2.012/28/2009 WebOS – Build 194 Sprint Config – 2.012/28/2009 WebOS – Sprint Config – 1.810/2/2009 WebOS – Sprint Config – 1.77/23/2009 WebOS – Sprint Config – 1.66/29/2009 WebOS – Sprint Config – 1.56/19/2009 WebOS – Sprint Config – 1.46/6/

Palm webOS Features Palm Synergy –that brings your information from all the places it resides into one logical view. Web-connected –Web-kit browser Run multiple applications at the same time Instinctive user interface –Applications run in cards –Cards are small web pages –HTML, CSS, JavaScript Intuitive and unobtrusive notifications 28

Palm webOS Architecture Core OS webOS Services UI System Manager Applications Mojo Framework 29

Palm webOS Products 30

Palm webOS Products 31

BlackBerry OS History 32

BlackBerry OS History 33

iPhone OS History 34

iPhone OS History 35

iPhone OS features Full OS X Multi Tasking Networking Syncing Low Power Security Video Cocoa Touch Core Animation Graphics Audio Widgets Applications 36

iPhone OS features It is based on Mac OS X, optimized for mobile ARM CPU, 4/8/16/32 Gb storage Touch screen, proximity sensor, accelerometer, ambient light sensor, multi-touch sensing Text input: virtual keyboard with spell checking and predictive input Phone, PDA and iPod features 37

iPone OS Architecture 38

iPhone OS Products 39

Outline (1) –Mobile OS on Market Symbian Android WindowMobile PalmWebOS i-Phone –Mobile Application Store App Store Android Market Blackberry App World Nokia Ovi Store Palm App Catalog Marketplace for Mobile 40

–Mobile Application Store “MAS” App Store Android Market Blackberry App World Nokia Ovi Store Palm App Catalog Marketplace for Mobile 41

App Store 42

Billion App Countdown April 23, 2009 Doubled at September 28, 2009 Tripled at the beginning of

Number of Applications 44

Apps by Category 45

Android Market Available to users on 22 October 2008 By December, 2009, there were over 20,000 applications Google Checkout 46

Priced Applications Availability Australia - paid apps cannot be submitted by Australian Developers. Austria France Germany Italy Netherlands New Zealand Spain United Kingdom United States Japan 47

Number of Applications 48 Source:

Applications Distribution 49 Source:

Applications Distribution 50 Source:

Applications Distribution 51 Source:

Applications Distribution 52

Blackberry App World 53

App World 54

Top Download 55

Categories 56

Details 57

PayPal 58

Reconfirm 59

My World 60

Review 61

Marketplace for Mobile –Rumors about the service in September 2008 “Skymarket” –Opened for business on 6 October, 2009, featuring 246 applications 62

Mobile Application Store Comparison App StoreAndroid Market App WorldOvi StoreApp CatalogMarketplace for Mobile OrganizationsAppleGoogle,OHARIMNokiaPalmMicrosoft EstablishedJuly 11, 2008October 22, 2008 April 1, 2009May 26, 2009 June 6, 2009October 6, 2009 Available Apps135,00020,0002,0002,5001,000Less than 1,000 Install Base58 million (40% iPod Touch) 1 million8 million100 million150,000Unknown (6.1 and 6.5 ) Exclusive App Source YesNo YesNo Carrier-Specific Stores NoYesNoYesNoYes Return PolicyNo24 HoursNo 24 Hours Developer Share70% 80%70% Developer Fee$99/year$25$200€50Free$99/year App ListingsUnlimited 10Unlimited 5 63

Record Breaking Chrismas 64

Download Growth 65

Android Devices Download Growth 66

Android Devices Download Share 67

Outline (2) 本週主題 –Introduction to Android Framework Core Platform Services –Views System –Activity Manager –Window Manager –Content Provider –Resource Manager –Package Manager –Notification Manager Hardware Services –Location Manager –Telephony Manager –Bluetooth Service –Wifi Service –USB Service –Sensor Service Component of an Android Application 68

Introduction to Android Framework 69

Introduction to Android Framework –Android Framework Object –Provide framework API for AP development Core Platform Services ( 提供撰寫 AP 所需之物件 ) –Services that are essential to the Android platform Hardware Services ( 在 AP 端直接操作底層硬體 ) –Hardware dependent Services e.g : GPS 、 Phone Call. – 隨平台由廠商自行新增新的 Hardware Service( 需跨層軟硬 整合 ) e.g ： WiMAX 、 VideoTelePhony. 70

Outline (2) –Introduction to Android Framework Core Platform Services –Views System –Activity Manager –Window Manager –Content Provider –Resource Manager –Package Manager –Notification Manager Hardware Services –Location Manager –Telephony Manager –Bluetooth Service –Wifi Service –USB Service –Sensor Service Component of an Android Application 71

Views System(P.86) – 用來建構一個 AP 之 UI 的基本元件，例如： 常用的 lists 、 grids 、 text boxes 、 buttons 控 制項，甚至是嵌入式的瀏覽器 Core Platform Services 72

Activity Manager – 管理所有 AP 的生命週期 (P.85) Core Platform Services 73

Window Manager – 用來管理所有開啟的視窗程式，決定當下哪 一個 AP 被放置於最上層 Core Platform Services 74

Content Providers (P.90) – 提供平台讓 AP 之間可以安全地互相存取資 料 Core Platform Services 75

Resource Manager – 提供各種非程式碼的資源 ( 例如：圖形、排 版 (XML 檔案 ) 、 Image 、 Audio) 讓 AP 去使用 Core Platform Services 76

Package Manager – 管理所有安裝在系統內的 AP –AP 執行起來前的 apk 包解析工作 Core Platform Services 77

Notification Manager – 提供 AP 在狀態列 (Status Bar) 的地方顯示 AP 自定的警示訊息 (Alert) 。 Core Platform Services 78

Outline (2) –Introduction to Android Framework Core Platform Services –Views System –Activity Manager –Window Manager –Content Provider –Resource Manager –Package Manager –Notification Manager Hardware Services –Location Manager –Telephony Manager –Bluetooth Service –Wifi Service –USB Service –Sensor Service Component of an Android Application 79

Location Manager – 用來管理地圖定位服務的相關功能 Hardware Services 80

Telephony Manager – 用來管理有關使用者撥打與接收電話的相關 功能 Hardware Services 81

Bluetooth Service Wifi Service USB Service Sensor Service 由硬體廠商或 Google 自由新增 Hardware Services 82

Outline (2) –Introduction to Android Framework Core Platform Services –Views System –Activity Manager –Window Manager –Content Provider –Resource Manager –Package Manager –Notification Manager Hardware Services –Location Manager –Telephony Manager –Bluetooth Service –Wifi Service –USB Service –Sensor Service Component of an Android Application 83

Component of an Android Application Components of Android AP Activity Service Broadcast Receivers Content Provider AP 不一定要完全納入上述 4 項，可自由組合搭配 84

Activity AP 中每一個頁面都是一個 Activity ， AP 是由多 個 Activity 所構成。 Activity 之間可以相互跳轉 Activity 有其生命周期，是由 Android 系統負責 管理生命周期 可以在 Activity 中添加 UI 元件 85

Activity with View & Widget List Checkbox Button Grid Web 86

Service Service 為一個背景程式，沒有 UI 介面， 可以應用在音樂播放程式中，實現一邊 上網一邊聽音樂的功能 當 Activity 被其他 Activity 覆蓋後，可以 將欲持續執行的工作轉交給 Service Service 也有生命週期生命週期 87

Activity with Intent / Intent Filter Intent / Intent Filter – Simple message objects that represent An intension to do something A declaration of capacity and interest in offering assistance to those in need 88

Broadcast (Intent) Receivers 使用於當 AP 希望接收與回應外部事件時 – 在事件發生後 Broadcast receiver 會去收 intent 再透 過框架去啟動 AP 89

Content Provider 在 Android 系統中每一個 AP 的數據都是私有的 ，必須透過 Content Provider 實現 AP 之間的數 據交換工作 例如某一個 AP 可以去存取通訊錄 AP 建立的聯 絡人資料。 90

Let’s Android ! 91

Lifecycle of Activity » return return 92 使用者自行刪除此 Activity

Lifecycle of Service return 93