CIVITAS ELAN Open Academy Ljubljana 16 April 2010 Eric N. SchrefflerTom Rye, PhD Transport ConsultantNapier Edinburgh San Diego, California, USAUniversity Edinburgh, UK BUS RAPID TRANSIT: AROUND THE WORLD

OUTLINE Extent of BRT in US and internationally US examples Non-US examples Comparative findings Costs compared to tram Impact on development Final thoughts Where to get more information Ljubljana Workshop

Conversions used in this presentation 1 pound (lb) = 0.45kg 1 US gallon = 3.6 litres 1 mile = 1.6km $1 = 0.74 Euro Also: LRT = Tram 1 pound (lb) = 0.45kg 1 US gallon = 3.6 litres 1 mile = 1.6km $1 = 0.74 Euro Also: LRT = Tram

Australia China Europe Canada South America BRT World Wide Ljubljana Workshop

= operating = planned Overview of BRT Implementation in the U.S. Ljubljana Workshop

San Diego, California BRT is part of managed lanes Four lanes for bus, carpool, vanpool and tolled solo cars Five BRT centers in corridor Cut travel time in half Cost $355M 25,000 riders per day New CNG buses Ljubljana Workshop

Los Angeles Signal priority and low floor vehicles aided in: 28 to 33% decrease in travel time 30% increase in ridership, 14% net new No appreciable impact on cross– street traffic 22,000 riders per day Ljubljana Workshop

Curitiba, Brazil Ljubljana Workshop

Arterial median busway Bogotá, Colombia Ljubljana Workshop

Brisbane, Australia Network of three exclusive busways Ljubljana Workshop

In Leeds/Bradford These BRTs have bus lanes, signal priority, and guided busways Ljubljana Workshop

Rouen, France Ljubljana Workshop

Well-Lit, Open, Quiet Interior Ljubljana Workshop

ISTANBUL Metrobüs 865,000 riders per day Ljubljana Workshop

Some General Findings – Trends in Implementing BRT Elements Mixed Flow Lane BRT systems are more common in North America Focus on implementing distinctive, “rail-like” vehicles is strongest in Europe and North America Precision-docking and guidance systems are more evident among European systems Ljubljana Workshop

Some General Findings – Trends in Implementing BRT Elements ITS applications impact more than BRT North American and European systems tend to focus on single line operations in a corridor or several corridors; Latin American and Australian applications incorporate network operations and system wide integration Curitiba Tube Station Curitiba Integrated Station Ljubljana Workshop

Range and Cost of BRT applications - Running way type is a core issue Mixed Traffic:$1M per mile Bus lanes: $5M per mile Busways:$25M per mile Ljubljana Workshop

Rail-Like Vehicles $5-30 m Ljubljana Workshop

BRT Compared to Rail Transit Volumes SystemLine Peak Direction Peak Hour Volume BRTPittsburgh MLK 5,400 Ottawa10,000 Seattle Downtown Bus Tunnel 4,200 Brisbane 9,500 Bogota35,000 Rail TransitCalgary LRT10,000 Toronto King Street Streetcar 4,500 Boston Green Line, Park St. Tunnel10,000* Washington Blue/Orange Line Metrorail Tunnel17,500* * Highest in U.S. outside NYC Ljubljana Workshop

Cost Effective Mode Vehicles Vehicles can be off-the-shelf can be off-the-shelf No track or overhead wires No track or overhead wires “Travel Ways” “Travel Ways” construction and maintenance construction and maintenance incrementally built (phases, flexible) incrementally built (phases, flexible) existing roadway network (mixed traffic) existing roadway network (mixed traffic) Uses existing vehicle storage facilities Uses existing vehicle storage facilities Uses existing and simple signal systems Uses existing and simple signal systems Workforce composition Workforce composition using existing vs. acquiring new staff using existing vs. acquiring new staff wage differential for BRT vs. LRT wage differential for BRT vs. LRT Ljubljana Workshop

BRT and Development Evidence is limited Curitiba developed along BRT spine Property values and rents increased in Beijing adjacent to Southern Axis BRT (2.3% annually) New development has occurred around stations in Boston, Pittsburgh and Ottawa Ljubljana Workshop

BRT Land Development Benefits CityBenefits Pittsburgh $300M in development around stations after 13 years Ottawa $700M in development around stations 13 years after opening of first segment Boston $650M in development occurred along the Washington Street corridor Cleveland $4.3 Billion in development occurring along the Euclid Corridor Brisbane + 20% gain in residential values near stations after one year, initiation of several joint development projects Ljubljana Workshop

It’s no single trait, but the combination of traits that make BRT systems successful! Ljubljana Workshop

Creating a Positive Customer Experience Live Info Stations Map s BoardingRight of Way Relationship to Traffic Payment Ljubljana Workshop

MORE INFORMATION NATIONAL BUS RAPID TRANSIT INSTITUTE CENTER FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA Ljubljana Workshop

LUND, Sweden Sustainable Urban Transport Plan University town in SW Sweden 105,000 in urban area 25,000 commute into Lund 35,000 change at rail station 1969: decided against new arterial 1971: closed center to traffic Priority given to bike and walk Source: Trivector Traffic AB and City of Lund Ljubljana Workshop

LUND, Sweden Sustainable Urban Transport Plan (LundaMaTs) Lund Environmentally-friendly Transport 1. Introduction of sustainable planning 2. Recognition of bicycle city 3. Extended public transportation integrated with land use 4. Environmentally-friendly car traffic 5. Employer trip reduction Adopted in 1997 Source: Trivector Traffic AB Ljubljana Workshop

LUND, Sweden Implementation of LUNDAMATS Governmental co-funding of 4 projects Bicycle city Walk and bike to school The Lund Link – BRT system Mobility Centre More than $42 million over 6 years (35% from governmental funds) Goal to maintain 1995 traffic levels in 2005 Phase I ; Phase II initiated Source: Trivector Traffic AB Ljubljana Workshop

LUND, Sweden Acceptance of LUNDAMATS: How has it changed your behavior? Source: Trivector Traffic AB Ljubljana Workshop

LUND, Sweden Impact of LUNDAMATS: Comparing 1995 and 2005 per capita travel Ljubljana Workshop

LUND, Sweden LUNDAMATS: The Keys to Success Educate residents about sustainable travel Involve politicians early in the process Carefully and thoroughly evaluate both process and impacts Sources: Peter Jönsson and City of Lund Ljubljana Workshop