The Resurvey Project of the Department of Land and Surveys in Cyprus and the Role of the Private Surveyors in the Cadastre Dr Elikkos Elia Senior Land Officer November 29, 2012

The Cyprus Cadastral Map The Resurvey Project Presentation Content The Cyprus Cadastral Map The Resurvey Project Private Sector Involvement in Cadastral Surveys in Cyprus Conclusion Dr Elikkos Elia

The Cyprus Cadastral Map The cadastral map together with the Land Registry constitutes the basis of the Cyprus Cadastral System. The cadastral plans cover the extend of the whole island, and approximately 1,579,000 parcels appear today on the plans. Today, there are 8,545 cadastral plans on scales from 1:500 up to 1:5000. The first cadastral map series was created from 1904 to 1929 and it is being updated since then, with the applications-cases that are carried out. Dr Elikkos Elia

Cyprus First Cadastral Map Cyprus Geodetic Reference System 1913-1915 Map Projection: Cassini Reference Spheroid: Clark 1858 33º 20’ E 35º N 0,0 Dr Elikkos Elia

1914-1918 Chain Survey Plans on Scales 1:500, 1:1000, 1:1250, 1:2500 1904-1911 Unsound Chain Survey Plans on Scale 1:2500 1918-1929 Plane Table Method Plans on Scales 1:5000 Dr Elikkos Elia

Cyprus First Cadastral Map Plan on scale 1:500 (chain survey) Plan on scale 1:2500 (unsound survey) Dr Elikkos Elia

Cyprus First Cadastral Map Plans on scale 1:5000 (plane table)

Digital Cadastral Data Base All the features shown on the cadastral plans have been digitized and edge-matched, creating the DCDB of the Cyprus Land Information System

Problems related to the First Cadastral Map accuracy update & maintenance copy and reproduction distribution To overcome these problems the DLS set a strategic objective aiming to establish a fixed boundary coordinated cadastre system, through the resurvey project, which started in 1999. Dr Elikkos Elia

New Geodetic Reference System in 1993 Reference Geodetic Datum : WGS 84 Map Projection: Local Transverse Mercator (LTM) New Cadastral Plan scales: 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:5000

RESURVEY PROJECT – ADOPTION OF NEW PLANS The resurvey project and the adoption of new plans are carried out according to the procedure described in article 50A of the Immovable Property (Tenure, Registration and Valuation) Law, Cap.224. The Director of the DLS may order the adoption of new plans for any area. Dr Elikkos Elia

W1 x Legal Cadastral Plan + W2 x Legal Parcel Area + Resurvey Project The determination, relocation and demarcation of the position of a parcel on a new cadastral plan, as a result of the resurvey project, require a complicated procedure (analysis), where a number of factors, having various relative weights (%), need to be taken into account. The determination of the position of the parcel is actually the weighted average of the following factors: The difficulty in the whole process is to define the percentage (%) of the relative weight of each factor. W1 x Legal Cadastral Plan + W2 x Legal Parcel Area + W3 x Previous Legal Measurements and Previous Applications + W4 x Actual Land Tenure + W5 x Actual Parcel Area + W6 x Existing Topo or Constructed Features Weighted Average Parcel Position = Dr Elikkos Elia

RESURVEY PROJECT The whole procedure of the determination of a boundary is not facilitated in cases where land disputes occur between the owners of neighboring parcels. Dr Elikkos Elia

digitized legal cadastral plan vs 1963 land tenure

digitized legal cadastral plan vs actual (current) land tenure

Legal measurements carried out in1967 for the subdivision of a parcel in two parcels with equal extends. (The measurements do not result to equal extends).

Determination of the position of the parcels as a result of the analysis of the weighted average of all various factors Dr Elikkos Elia

Proposed boundaries position digitized legal cadastral plan vs proposed cadastral plan

Resurvey Project RESURVEY PROJECT Article 50A of the Immovable Property (Tenure, Registration and Valuation) Law Cap.224: Any person who has a lawful interest in any immovable property situated within the resurveyed area may inspect the existing plan in use, the new plan to be adopted and a list showing the number and area of each parcel on the first and the corresponding number and area of a parcel on the second plan. If any objection is submitted within 60 days from the publication, the Director shall notify his decision thereon by a notice served on the person objecting and on any other person whose lawful interests may be affected by the objection or the decision thereon. After the expiry of the period for objections, the Director shall proceed to adopt the new plan. Dr Elikkos Elia

Resurvey Project The result of the resurvey project is the adoption of new, accurate, digital cadastral plans … … which formulate the basis of a fixed boundary coordinated cadastral system. Dr Elikkos Elia

CYPRUS CADASTRAL MAP October 2012 260 plans 1:1000 (LTM) 906 plans 1:2500 (cassini-unsound) 211 plans 1:500 (cassini) 615 plans 1:1000 (cassini) 3383 plans 1:2500 (cassini) 1590 plans 1:5000 (cassini) 830 plans 1:1250 (cassini) CYPRUS CADASTRAL MAP October 2012 1,579,000 parcels Dr Elikkos Elia

Systematic and Sporadic Resurvey

Private Sector Involvement in Cadastral Surveys in Cyprus Dr Elikkos Elia

Private Sector Involvement in Cadastral Surveys In many countries, Private Land Surveyors can carry out cadastral surveys, and in most of the cases they need a license to do so. In a few countries, such as Sweden, The Netherlands and Finland, private land surveyors do not have a direct involvement and act mainly as consultants or undertake special projects. In other countries, such as Czech Republic, Hungary and New Zealand, cadastral surveys are carried out exclusively by private surveyors. Source: www.cadastraltemplate.org Dr Elikkos Elia

Number of Professional Land Surveyors Germany* 23,000 Poland 16,700 Australia 3,500 Bulgaria 2,333 Hungary 1,700 Lithuania 1,516 Czech Republic 1,500 Belgium* 950 Sweden, New Zealand* 600 Switzerland* 500 Finland 400 Denmark, The Netherlands 300 Latvia 173 Cyprus 100 Number of Professional Land Surveyors (The proportion of the time that they actually commit for cadastral matters vary from 40% to 100%) * The report submitted in 2003 Source: www.cadastraltemplate.org - FIG Dr Elikkos Elia

The surveyors in Cyprus have been graduated mainly from the following Universities: National Technical University of Athens School of Rural and Surveying Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Rural and Surveying Engineering Budapest University of Technology & Economics Faculty of Civil Engineering Cyprus University of Technology Department of Civil Engineering & Geomatics (…expected in 2013….)

Private Sector Involvement in Cadastral Surveys in Cyprus In Cyprus, the involvement of private land surveyors began in 1992, for a specific type of cadastral applications regarding land divisions and horizontal (strata) divisions. The demarcation of the external boundary for these applications was carried out at that time by governmental surveyors. A small number of applications were carried out by private surveyors until 2007 when the Cadastral Survey Law was enforced. Dr Elikkos Elia

The Cadastral Surveys Law was actually enforced on the 2.2.2007. In 2006, the Cyprus Cadastral Survey Council was established and the first Cadastral Surveyors Register was created. The Cadastral Surveys Law was actually enforced on the 2.2.2007. Dr Elikkos Elia

Becoming a Cadastral Surveyor… Any person may be included in the Cadastral Surveyors Register if he/she: is a member of the Scientific Technical Chamber of Cyprus in the Rural and Surveying Engineering Branch, has at least one year experience in the field of cadastral surveying. Today, 87 Private Surveyors and 14 Civil Servants are registered as Cadastral Surveyors. Dr Elikkos Elia

Current working status of Professional Surveyors in Cyprus Dr Elikkos Elia

Cadastral field surveys carried out by private surveyors Applicants to any District Land Office of the Land and Surveys Department, requiring cadastral field surveys, have the option to choose between a governmental or a private licensed surveyor. Such works include the field surveys for: land demarcations vertical or horizontal (strata) property divisions boundary readjustments boundary amalgamations street widening and building or other property registrations. Dr Elikkos Elia

Cadastral field surveys carried out by private surveyors In any case, whether the work is undertaken by a private or a governmental surveyor, the applicant has to pay the required fee to the Land and Surveys Department. If the applicant chooses to proceed with a private licensed surveyor, the applicant has to personally agree with the Private Surveyor for an additional fee and sign a contract provided by the Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber. In all cases the field work is checked by the DLS staff who has also the responsibility to update the cadastral plan and the databases of the Land Information System. Dr Elikkos Elia

Examples of Fees Paid to the DLS Application Undertaken by DLS Field work by private licensed surveyor Land demarcation Up to 6 BTPs From 7 to 12 BTPs More than 13 BTPs €50 for each BTP €30 for each BTP €20 for each BTP €15 for each BTP €10 for each BTP €6 for each BTP Land parcel division or boundary readjustment €110 for each new created parcel €35 for each new created parcel Building (strata) division €100 for each new created unit €30 for each new created unit Boundary dispute €160 for each involved parcel Not carried out by private surveyors Dr Elikkos Elia

Cyprus Positioning System (CYPOS) The cadastral field surveying works are supported today by the Cyprus Positioning System. Seven permanent GNSS network stations. Users: DLS, private surveyors, other engineers, departments, organizations and citizens. Annual fee = €200+VAT Dr Elikkos Elia

Applications undertaken by governmental & private surveyors Dr Elikkos Elia

Applications carried out by governmental and private surveyors in 2006 Total:11.234 DLS: 10.869 Private: 365 Dr Elikkos Elia

Applications carried out by governmental and private surveyors in 2011 Total: 9.156 DLS: 5.688 Private: 3.488 Dr Elikkos Elia

CONCLUSION The resurvey project aims to prepare new digital cadastral plans with high accuracy and reliability, providing a fundamental infrastructure to the databases of the Land Information System, the Cadastre and to the broader Land Administration System. In the areas where the resurvey project was completed, governmental or private surveyors can carry out cadastral surveys rapidly, efficiently and without ambiguities. It is recognized that more effort should be placed to accelerate and finish this project. The private surveyors have an important and active role in the field of cadastral surveying in Cyprus. Today the citizens have the option to choose between the DLS or a private licensed surveyor to carry out a cadastral survey. With the completion of the resurvey project, it will be easier for the Government to pass all cadastral field works to the private sector. Dr Elikkos Elia