1. Key issues for improving and monitoring land governance in Moldova
Annual World Bank Conference on
LAND AND PROVERTY
24-27 March 2013
Angela Matcov, Republic of Moldova

2. General data about Moldova
Territory – sq. km
Population – 3,56 million (excl. breakaway territory Transnistria)
39% urban area inhabitants
61% rural area inhabitants
GNI per capita – 2070 USD
1500 localities
5,5 million real properties (estimated)
4,7 million real properties legally registered in cadastre
26 March 2014
Angela Matcov, Republic of Moldova

3. Key points of the Moldavian Land Administration as of today
Unified system
Property objects and rights in single organization and single system;
Land & constructions & premises;
Address Register
Legal & Technical & Value data;
State and private properties are treated equally.
Digital
Central database contains data for the whole country;
Cadastral and legal data (graphical and descriptive) covers 85% country;
Data exchange with other state registers
Data services available on-line (e-services)
Multipurpose
Property guaranty, valuation for taxation, market service.
Self financed operational entities
Full cost recovery from fees of the clients
26 March 2014
Angela Matcov, Republic of Moldova

4. Organizational structure Real Property Administration System
GOVERNMENT
Ministry of Regional Development and Constructions
Construction State Service
Ministry of Economy
Public Property Agency
Ministry of Agriculture
Ministry of Justice
Ministry of Finance
Tax Service
Agency of Land Relations and Cadastru
SE Cadastru
Notaries
Districts (rayons)
Surveying companies
Municipalities

5. Privatization process 1991 - 1999
1991: Agricultural reform
agricultural land privatization ( )
98,7% of agricultural land liable for privatization is private (high fragmentation of lands, ave land plot is 0,8 ha)
2,8 million titles issued and registered in cadastre
1993: state-owned housing stock privatization
1993: privatization of enterprises and non residential buildings
1999: individual housing land plots privatization
26 March 2014
Angela Matcov, Republic of Moldova

6. Establishing the national cadastral system 1999 -2007
Building the legal framework
1998 Law on real estate cadastre
1998 State Program on real estate cadastre creation
2000 Fiscal code (covering Immovable property tax)
2001 Law on pledge
2002 Civil Code
2002 Law on valuation
2004 Law on real estate formation
Accelerating the process of land distribution
2,8 million agricultural land titles registered
1,1 million property titles issued in 900 localities
26 March 2014
Angela Matcov, Republic of Moldova

7. Establishing the national cadastral system 1999 - 2007
Building the system of cadastral offices
State Agency of Land Relations and Cadastre established
12 territorial cadastral offices established and 28 branch offices, reorganized in 2006 being established the state – owned enterprise “Cadastru” with 39 branch offices
Systematic registration (World Bank supported progects)
4,2 million properties registered in a systematic registration procedure
sq. m. of territory covered with cadastral maps
Developing a property valuation system for tax purposes
26 March 2014
Angela Matcov, Republic of Moldova

8. Angela Matcov, Republic of Moldova
Factors affecting the outcomes of the privatization and property registration
The local authorities in rural area were not ready for privatization and systematic registration process
lack of reliable information,
lack of clear procedures to follow in case of excess land,
delay in approving decision regarding the transfer of property in private ownership
lack of capacity for a quality control procedure
Data quality was affected by lack of clear procedures in quality control of land planning projects
26 March 2014
Angela Matcov, Republic of Moldova

9. Development Partnership
Policy issues
Technical & Operational issues
WB: Land governance assessment framework (2012 – 2013)
UNECE: Moldova Country profile (2013 – 2014)
Norwegian Government technical assistance:
aero photo imagery for the whole country 2007, partly updated for flood areas 2011
MoldPOS 2010 (reference stations network covering the whole country)
Integrated real property registration system (MoldLIS on-going)
26 March 2014
Angela Matcov, Republic of Moldova

10. Angela Matcov, Republic of Moldova
LGAF Findings
Thematic Areas
Good Practice
Poor Practice
Legal and Institutional Framework
46%
54%
Land Use Planning, Management and Taxation
36%
64%
Management of Public Lands
56%
44%
Public Provision of Land Information
85%
15%
Dispute resolution and Conflict Management
71%
29%
Forestry
42%
58%
Large Scale acquisition of land
31%
69%
26 March 2014
Angela Matcov, Republic of Moldova

11. General recommendations
Completing the sureying and registration of land and properties and associated rights
Improve the regulations and enforcement for joint-ownership and communal land tenure
Strengthen the urban planning and its enforcement mechanisms
Strengten the responsibility and administrative capacity of LPAs to manage building permits and legalization of constructions (DB 2014 score 174).
26 March 2014
Angela Matcov, Republic of Moldova

12. General recommendations cont’d
Complete the tax reform to achieve the full benefits of a modern ad-valorem property tax system (nowadays there are 2 tax systems in place).
Improve the expropriation procedures which need to be made more expedient and recognize non-registered, informal rights on land and property.
Clarify and strengthed the responsibilities, duties and capacity of state and local agencies to manage public lands (demarcation and registration of public lands)
26 March 2014
Angela Matcov, Republic of Moldova

13. General recommendations cont’d
Improve forest land management in order for Moldova to head into the direction of greener growth
Moldova’s evolution into a multi-functional cadastre should be considered within the goal of National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) development
Develop alternative mechanism for land and property dispute resolution and review the land legislation for more transparency on dispute resolution mechanisms
26 March 2014
Angela Matcov, Republic of Moldova

14. General recommendations cont’d
Encourage citizen participation through the provision of access to information, entry points for interaction and mechanisms to monitor the implementation of land policies.
E-Government initiatives: open data sets, digital public services by 2020, interoperability of public registers and one stop-shop for public services
26 March 2014
Angela Matcov, Republic of Moldova

15. Final general recommendation
“... here we must run as fast as we can, just to stay in place.
And if you wish to go anywhere you must run twice as fast as that.” 
 Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland
26 March 2014
Angela Matcov, Republic of Moldova