Monomers and Polymers Monomers are small units that join together to form polymers. A polymer is large compound made of many monomers. Process in which polymers are formed is polymerization.

Carbohydrates Compounds made of C, H, and O in a 1:2:1 ratio. Monosaccharides= simple sugar monomer. Polysaccharides= large polymers formed from monosaccharides.

Uses of Carbohydrates Main source of energy for living things. Plants and fungi use for support and protection.

Lipids Mostly made from C and H. Numerous shapes and sizes. Fats, oils, waxes, and steroids.

Functions of Lipids Lipids store energy. Form waterproof coverings. Form our cell membrane!

Lipid Bilayer Lipids can be water fearing or hydrophobic, and water loving, hydrophilic. Hydrophobic Hydrophilic

Saturated and Unsaturated Fats Many lipids are found as long fatty acids. If a lipid chain has only single bonds between carbon atoms, it is considered saturated. If it has one or more double bond, it is called unsaturated.

Nucleic Acids Macromolecules containing H, O, N, C, and P. Monomer is called a nucleotide. IT has a 5- carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Nucleotides join together by covalent bonds.

Phosphate Nitrogenous Base 5-C sugar

Depending on sugar, nucleotides form macromolecules called DNA or RNA. Deoxyribose v. Ribose

Nucleic acids serve to transmit and store genetic information. This information helps form proteins, which we will discuss tomorrow.

Proteins Contain N, H, C, and O. Made of monomers called amino acids. Amino acids have an amino group (-NH 2 ) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other.

Many amino acids covalently bond to form proteins. Proteins have up to four levels of organization.

Functions of Proteins Regulate the rate of chemical reactions. Regulate cell processes. Form bones and muscles. Transport substances in and out of cells. Help fight disease.