April 18, 2013 STANDARD: SAP3a Interpret interactions among hormones, senses, and nerves which make possible the coordination of functions of the body. EQ: What are the affects of hormone action on the human body? WARM-UP: (Use your own paper, because I have your comp. books) Using pages 314, 319 & 320, briefly describe the following diseases, Goiter, Gigantism and Graves Disease.

1.Hormonal Stimuli-most common; endocrine organs put into action by hormones (ex.hypothalamus anterior pituitary other endocrine glands) 2. Humoral Stimuli-changes in blood levels of certain nutrients and ions stimulate hormone release 3. Neural Stimuli-nerve fibers stimulate hormone release (ex. Adrenal medulla-norepinephrine/epinephrine)

*Small as a pea and contains two lobes: 1. Anterior-glandular tissue 2. Posterior-nervous tissue

Anterior Hormones: 1. Growth Hormone (GH)-growth of skeletal muscles & long bones 2. Prolactin (PRL)-stimulates milk production in breasts 3. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)-stimulates egg & sperm production 4. Lutenizing Hormone (LH)-stimulates ovaries (ovulation) & testes 5. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone(TSH)-growth of thyroid gland 6. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone(ACTH)- Stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids Posterior Hormones: 1. Oxytocin-causes contraction of the uterus during labor & “let down” reflex for breastfeeding 2. Antidiuretic (ADH)-helps kidneys retain water, prevents urination

*large gland, made of two lobes, located at base of throat; inferior to the Adam’s apple *Secretes 2 hormones: 1.Thyroid-controls how fast glucose is burned and converted to body heat (metabolic hormone) 2.Calcitonin-decreases blood calcium; deposits calcium in bones *hypocalcemic

*found on the posterior of the thyroid gland; 2 on each lobe *secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH) *Is hypercalcemic-when blood calcium levels drop, osteoclasts break down bone to release calcium into the blood

*sits on top of each kidney *Two main parts: 1.Cortex (glandular tissue) 2.Medulla (nervous tissue) Cortex Hormones: Corticosteroids 1.Mineralocorticoids-regulates mineral content in blood 2.Glucocorticoids-cortisone; helps body resist normal stress (long term) 3.Sex hormones-androgens, & estrogens

Medulla Hormones: 1.Epinephrine-(short term stress) 2.Norepinephrine-can be secreted as a neurotransmitter *When secreted into blood stream, heart rate, blood pressure, and glucose levels increase. Passages of lungs increase to bring in more oxygen and breathing increases.

*close to the stomach *contains pancreatic islets (Islets of Langerhans) that produce insulin (beta cells) & glucagon-hyperglycemic (alpha cells) *insulin is the antagonist of glucagon, its is hypoglycemic *normal blood sugar: mg/100ml *high blood sugar: 600mg/100ml (glucose will start to spill into urine)

*Adult onset *Produces insulin, but receptors can’t respond to it *Treated through special diets and/or hypoglycemic medications *Juvenile diabetes *more severe *Treated through insulin pumps or injections

*small cone-shaped gland that hangs from roof of 3 rd ventricle in the brain *Hormone: melatonin makes us drowsy; highest at night, lowest at noon; “sleep trigger”- drowsy *Also associated with mating behavior in animals & believed to keep the reproductive system in check

*located in upper thorax, posterior to sternum *Large in infants and gets smaller as you get older *Hormone: thymosin Fosters normal development of white blood cells (T-Cells aka Killer T-Cells)

*Produces estrogen & progesterone Responsible for development of the females secondary sex- characteristics; ex. Breast development and menstrual cycle regulation

*Produces androgens, such as testosterone * Responsible for male secondary sex characteristics; ex. Facial hair, heavy bones and muscles, deeper voice, and sperm production