SIDA SEMINAR - AFTER RIO+20: NEXT STEPS TOWARDS INCLUSIVE GREEN GROWTH THE UNDP-UNEP POVERTY & ENVIRONMENT INITIATIVE (PEI): LESSONS FOR MOVING FORWARD ON GREEN ECONOMY David H Smith Manager-Africa UNDP-UNEP PEI

BACKGROUND UNDP & UNEP COMBINED SEPARATE PEI PROGRAMMES TO FORM THE JOINT UNDP-UNEP PEI IN AFRICA – SEPTEMBER 2005 UNDP & UNEP COMBINED SEPARATE PEI PROGRAMMES TO FORM THE JOINT UNDP-UNEP PEI IN AFRICA – SEPTEMBER 2005 LESSONS LEARNT IN AFRICA KEY TO DEVELOPING PEI SCALE-UP – LAUNCHED FEB 2007, COMMENCED 2008 LESSONS LEARNT IN AFRICA KEY TO DEVELOPING PEI SCALE-UP – LAUNCHED FEB 2007, COMMENCED 2008 SCALE-UP TO OTHER REGIONS – ASIA, LAC, ECIS SCALE-UP TO OTHER REGIONS – ASIA, LAC, ECIS JOINT MANAGEMENT, PROGRAMMING, BUDGETING & STAFF HIRING JOINT MANAGEMENT, PROGRAMMING, BUDGETING & STAFF HIRING JOINT TEAMS AT GLOBAL & REGIONAL LEVELS, GOVT-UNDP COUNTRY OFFICE TEAMS AT COUNTRY LEVEL JOINT TEAMS AT GLOBAL & REGIONAL LEVELS, GOVT-UNDP COUNTRY OFFICE TEAMS AT COUNTRY LEVEL EXCELLENT EXAMPLE OF INTER-AGENCY CO-OPERATION & UN REFORM – ONE UN IN ACTION EXCELLENT EXAMPLE OF INTER-AGENCY CO-OPERATION & UN REFORM – ONE UN IN ACTION

UNDP-UNEP POVERTY & ENVIRONMENT INITIATIVE (PEI): WHAT WE DO THE UNDP-UNEP PEI SUPPORTS GOVERNMENTS TO: INCLUDE PRO-POOR ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCE USE AS A CORE OBJECTIVE IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING & IMPLEMENTATION INCLUDE PRO-POOR ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCE USE AS A CORE OBJECTIVE IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING & IMPLEMENTATION BUILD CAPACITY SO THAT DECISION-MAKERS KNOW : BUILD CAPACITY SO THAT DECISION-MAKERS KNOW : HOW PRO-POOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY CONTRIBUTES TO DEVELOPMENT & HOW PRO-POOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY CONTRIBUTES TO DEVELOPMENT & HOW TO INCLUDE PRO-POOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING & IMPLEMENTATION. HOW TO INCLUDE PRO-POOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING & IMPLEMENTATION.

UNDP-UNEP POVERTY & ENVIRONMENT INITIATIVE (PEI): WHY WE DO IT UNSUSTAINABLE USE OF THE ENVIRONMENT REDUCES THE SOCIAL & ECONOMIC BENEFITS PRODUCED FROM NATURAL RESOURCES THUS, DEVELOPMENT IS HINDERED BY ENVIRONMENTAL UNSUSTAINABILITY HOWEVER, THE CONTRIBUTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY TO SOCIAL & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IS OFTEN POORLY UNDERSTOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY NOT OPERATIONALLY INTEGRATED INTO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES (E.G. PRSPS; SECTOR PLANS): WORDS BUT NOT ACTION.

Sun Tzu: “Always Start With the End in Mind” - THE RESULTS WE WANT TO ACHIEVE Pro-poor environmentally sustainable natural resource use is included as objective/outcome etc in national & sector development plans Pro-poor environmentally sustainable natural resource use is included as objective/outcome etc in national & sector development plans There are indicators attached to these objectives/outcomes There are indicators attached to these objectives/outcomes These indicators are included in the Monitoring & Evaluation plan These indicators are included in the Monitoring & Evaluation plan Sector Plans are developed & budgets are allocated to achieve the pro-poor sustainability objectives Sector Plans are developed & budgets are allocated to achieve the pro-poor sustainability objectives Budgets in sectors – not just environment ministries – are allocated to achieve pro-poor sustainable natural resource use Budgets in sectors – not just environment ministries – are allocated to achieve pro-poor sustainable natural resource use Increased donors support for poverty-environment investments Increased donors support for poverty-environment investments Longer term capacity building programme for the environment & natural resources (ENR) sector is put in place Longer term capacity building programme for the environment & natural resources (ENR) sector is put in place

WHAT HAS PEI ACHIEVED? – 1 SUCCESSFULLY CLARIFIED A NORMATIVE CONCEPT & DEVELOPED IT INTO A OPERATIONAL MODEL SUCCESSFULLY CLARIFIED A NORMATIVE CONCEPT & DEVELOPED IT INTO A OPERATIONAL MODEL OPERATIONALLY PROVEN MODEL: TECHNICALLY ROBUST & POLITICALLY ACCEPTABLE OPERATIONALLY PROVEN MODEL: TECHNICALLY ROBUST & POLITICALLY ACCEPTABLE MOST COMPREHENSIVE EXAMPLE OF JOINT PROGRAMMING BETWEEN UNDP & UNEP – UN REFORM IN ACTION MOST COMPREHENSIVE EXAMPLE OF JOINT PROGRAMMING BETWEEN UNDP & UNEP – UN REFORM IN ACTION SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF HOW SUSTAINABILITY CAN HELP ACHIEVE DEVELOPMENT GOALS SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF HOW SUSTAINABILITY CAN HELP ACHIEVE DEVELOPMENT GOALS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY INCLUDED AS AN OBJECTIVE IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY INCLUDED AS AN OBJECTIVE IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS

WHAT HAS PEI ACHIEVED? – 2 PARTIAL OPERATIONALISATION OF SUSTAINABILITY OBJECTIVES – E.G. Increased budgetary allocations for environmental sustainability PARTIAL OPERATIONALISATION OF SUSTAINABILITY OBJECTIVES – E.G. Increased budgetary allocations for environmental sustainability BUT RESULTS VARY BY COUNTRY – FAILURE IN SOME COUNTRIES BUT RESULTS VARY BY COUNTRY – FAILURE IN SOME COUNTRIES NEED TO FOCUS MORE ON POVERTY SIDE OF P-E MAINSTREAMING NEED TO FOCUS MORE ON POVERTY SIDE OF P-E MAINSTREAMING NEED TO FOCUS MORE ON SUSTAINING IMPACT NEED TO FOCUS MORE ON SUSTAINING IMPACT - SUSTAINED INCREASES IN INVESTMENT IN P-E - LONGER TERM CAPACITY BUILDING PROGRAMMES -INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS – e.g. Cross government co- ordination mechanisms

PEI GENERAL PROGRAMMING APPROACH

RECOGNISE SUBSTANTIVE EFFORT REQUIRED - 1 P-E MAINSTREAMING IS A YEAR PROCESS OF INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE (NORWEGIAN PEI AFRICA EVALUATION) P-E MAINSTREAMING IS A YEAR PROCESS OF INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE (NORWEGIAN PEI AFRICA EVALUATION) P-E MAINSTREAMING NOT OPERATIONALLY SUCCESSFUL PREVIOUSLY – WORDS BUT NOT SUFFICIENT ACTION P-E MAINSTREAMING NOT OPERATIONALLY SUCCESSFUL PREVIOUSLY – WORDS BUT NOT SUFFICIENT ACTION SECURING DEPTH & WIDTH OF NATIONAL OWNERSHIP = CROSS –GOVERNMENT, CROSS SECTOR PARTICIPATORY APPROACH SECURING DEPTH & WIDTH OF NATIONAL OWNERSHIP = CROSS –GOVERNMENT, CROSS SECTOR PARTICIPATORY APPROACH SIGNIFICANT CAPACITY GAPS IN COUNTRIES FOR P-E MAINSTREAMING SIGNIFICANT CAPACITY GAPS IN COUNTRIES FOR P-E MAINSTREAMING SUPPORTING CHANGE IN GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES & BUDGETS SUPPORTING CHANGE IN GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES & BUDGETS

RECOGNISE SUBSTANTIVE EFFORT REQUIRED - 2 WORKING IN MULTI-MINISTERIAL CONTEXT WORKING IN MULTI-MINISTERIAL CONTEXT NEED TO FOLLOW COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES YEAR CYCLE NEED TO FOLLOW COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES YEAR CYCLE HIGH LEVEL OF SUSTAINED ENGAGEMENT IN COUNTRY PROCESSES REQUIRED HIGH LEVEL OF SUSTAINED ENGAGEMENT IN COUNTRY PROCESSES REQUIRED SUBSTANTIVE ONGOING TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE REQUIRED SUBSTANTIVE ONGOING TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE REQUIRED ‘STUBBORN PERSISTENCE & ATTENTION TO DETAIL’ ‘STUBBORN PERSISTENCE & ATTENTION TO DETAIL’ PROACTIVE, ENERGETIC FOCUS ON RESULTS PROACTIVE, ENERGETIC FOCUS ON RESULTS

LESSONS - 1 ENSURE NATIONAL COMMITMENT AT DIFFERENT LEVELS BEFORE DECIDING TO GO AHEAD ENSURE NATIONAL COMMITMENT AT DIFFERENT LEVELS BEFORE DECIDING TO GO AHEAD PARTICIPATORY APPROACH CRITICAL PARTICIPATORY APPROACH CRITICAL ADOPT A JOINT GOVERNMENT-UN PROGRAMMATIC APPROACH BASED ON EXISTING COUNTRY PROCESSES. (E.G. PRSP) ADOPT A JOINT GOVERNMENT-UN PROGRAMMATIC APPROACH BASED ON EXISTING COUNTRY PROCESSES. (E.G. PRSP) MINISTRY OF PLANNING/FINANCE SHOULD LEAD MINISTRY OF PLANNING/FINANCE SHOULD LEAD WORK WITH OTHER DONORS FROM THE BEGINNING WORK WITH OTHER DONORS FROM THE BEGINNING INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS TO UNDERSTAND INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS TO UNDERSTAND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING PROCESS, ENVIRONMENTAL & NATURAL RESOURCE PLANNING & MANAGEMENT. DEVELOPMENT PLANNING PROCESS, ENVIRONMENTAL & NATURAL RESOURCE PLANNING & MANAGEMENT. ISSUES THAT ARE OUTSIDE CONTROL OF P-E COUNTRY PROGRAMME BUT HAVE MAJOR IMPACT – E.G. LAND TENURE, POLITICAL-ECONOMY ISSUES ISSUES THAT ARE OUTSIDE CONTROL OF P-E COUNTRY PROGRAMME BUT HAVE MAJOR IMPACT – E.G. LAND TENURE, POLITICAL-ECONOMY ISSUES

LESSONS - 2 CARRY OUT ECONOMIC ANALYSES TO SHOW HOW ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCE USE CAN IMPROVE ECONOMIC & SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT. CARRY OUT ECONOMIC ANALYSES TO SHOW HOW ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCE USE CAN IMPROVE ECONOMIC & SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT. USE VERY SPECIFIC EXAMPLES – USE VERY SPECIFIC EXAMPLES – E.G. HYDRO ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION LOST FROM UNSUSTAINABLE WATER USE & SEDIMENTATION. E.G. HYDRO ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION LOST FROM UNSUSTAINABLE WATER USE & SEDIMENTATION. USE NON-MARKET VALUES ALSO – CONVENTIONAL ECONOMICS CAN MISS IMPORTANT VALUES – USE NON-MARKET VALUES ALSO – CONVENTIONAL ECONOMICS CAN MISS IMPORTANT VALUES – E.G. FAMILY FISHING OR FUEL WOOD COLLECTION E.G. FAMILY FISHING OR FUEL WOOD COLLECTION USE ECONOMIC EVIDENCE TACTICALLY USE ECONOMIC EVIDENCE TACTICALLY BRIEFING NOTES BRIEFING NOTES PRESENT EVIDENCE REPEATEDLY IN DIFFERENT MEETINGS & WORKING GROUPS PRESENT EVIDENCE REPEATEDLY IN DIFFERENT MEETINGS & WORKING GROUPS

LESSONS - 3 INTENSIVE INVOLVEMENT IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING PROCESS – DAILY, WEEKLY IN WORKING GROUPS, DONOR-GOVERNMENT MECHANISMS, MACRO & SECTOR LEVEL ETC INTENSIVE INVOLVEMENT IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING PROCESS – DAILY, WEEKLY IN WORKING GROUPS, DONOR-GOVERNMENT MECHANISMS, MACRO & SECTOR LEVEL ETC CARRY OUT PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEWS (PER) IN THE ENVIRONMENT NATURAL RESOURCE (ENR) SECTORS CARRY OUT PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEWS (PER) IN THE ENVIRONMENT NATURAL RESOURCE (ENR) SECTORS DEVELOP BUDGET GUIDELINES FOR PLANNING/FINANCE ON HOW THEY CAN BETTER INCLUDE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN BUDGETS DEVELOP BUDGET GUIDELINES FOR PLANNING/FINANCE ON HOW THEY CAN BETTER INCLUDE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN BUDGETS SUPPORT KEY SECTOR POLICY & BUDGETARY DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES TO ENSURE SUSTAINABILITY OBJECTIVES OPERATIONALISED SUPPORT KEY SECTOR POLICY & BUDGETARY DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES TO ENSURE SUSTAINABILITY OBJECTIVES OPERATIONALISED

LESSONS - 4 DESIGN MECHANISMS FOR LONG-TERM INCREASE IN BUDGETS FOR PRO-POOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY E.G. DESIGN MECHANISMS FOR LONG-TERM INCREASE IN BUDGETS FOR PRO-POOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY E.G. PREPARE ENVIRONMENT- NATURAL RESOURCE SECTOR SUPPORT PROGRAMMES FOR FUNDING BY MAJOR DONORS BASED IN COUNTRY PREPARE ENVIRONMENT- NATURAL RESOURCE SECTOR SUPPORT PROGRAMMES FOR FUNDING BY MAJOR DONORS BASED IN COUNTRY FOCUS ON MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK (MTEF) & INVESTMENT STRATEGY PROCESSES FOCUS ON MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK (MTEF) & INVESTMENT STRATEGY PROCESSES IMPROVEMENTS TO GOVERNMENT COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS & FINANCIAL APPRAISAL METHODOLOGIES SO POVERTY & SUSTAINABILITY IMPLICATIONS BETTER INCLUDED IMPROVEMENTS TO GOVERNMENT COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS & FINANCIAL APPRAISAL METHODOLOGIES SO POVERTY & SUSTAINABILITY IMPLICATIONS BETTER INCLUDED MINIMISE FINANCING OF PILOT PROJECTS MINIMISE FINANCING OF PILOT PROJECTS

PEI LESSONS FOR THE WAY FORWARD FOR GE IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY CONTEXT: SUMMARY CLARIFY CLARIFY WHAT DOES GE MEAN IN NORMATIVE TERMS? WHAT DOES GE MEAN IN NORMATIVE TERMS? WHAT DOES IT MEAN IN OPERATIONAL TERMS? WHAT DOES IT MEAN IN OPERATIONAL TERMS? HOW WILL GE HELP ACHIEVE POVERTY REDUCTION & OTHER DEVELOPMENT GOALS? HOW WILL GE HELP ACHIEVE POVERTY REDUCTION & OTHER DEVELOPMENT GOALS? COMMUNICATE COMMUNICATE ENSURE COUNTRIES KNOW WHAT GE MEANS & HOW GE WILL HELP ACHIEVE DEVELOPMENT GOALS ENSURE COUNTRIES KNOW WHAT GE MEANS & HOW GE WILL HELP ACHIEVE DEVELOPMENT GOALS ENSURE COUNTRIES KNOW HOW GE CAN BE APPLIED IN PRACTICAL TERMS ENSURE COUNTRIES KNOW HOW GE CAN BE APPLIED IN PRACTICAL TERMS CAPACITATE CAPACITATE COUNTRIES TO APPLY GE IN A SUSTAINED MANNER COUNTRIES TO APPLY GE IN A SUSTAINED MANNER