1. PEI AFRICA REGIONAL ECONOMICS FORUM UNDP-UNEP POVERTY & ENVIRONMENT INITIATIVE (PEI): HISTORY & OBJECTIVES

2. HISTORY UNDP PEI - KENYA, TANZANIA, VIETNAM FUNDED BY EC & DFID UNDP PEI - KENYA, TANZANIA, VIETNAM FUNDED BY EC & DFID UNEP POVERTY & ENVIRONMENT PILOT PROJECT - KENYA, UGANDA, TANZANIA, RWANDA, MOZAMBIQUE, MALI, MAURITANIA – FUNDED BY NORWAY & BELGIUM UNEP POVERTY & ENVIRONMENT PILOT PROJECT - KENYA, UGANDA, TANZANIA, RWANDA, MOZAMBIQUE, MALI, MAURITANIA – FUNDED BY NORWAY & BELGIUM GOVERNMENT & DONOR CONCERNS GOVERNMENT & DONOR CONCERNS RESTRUCTURING OF UNEP P&E PROJECT RESTRUCTURING OF UNEP P&E PROJECT UNDP & UNEP COMBINED EFFORTS TO FORM THE JOINT UNDP-UNEP PEI IN AFRICA – SEPTEMBER 2005 UNDP & UNEP COMBINED EFFORTS TO FORM THE JOINT UNDP-UNEP PEI IN AFRICA – SEPTEMBER 2005 JOINT MANAGEMENT, PROGRAMMING, BUDGETING & STAFF HIRING JOINT MANAGEMENT, PROGRAMMING, BUDGETING & STAFF HIRING EXCELLENT EXAMPLE OF INTER-AGENCY CO-OPERATION – EXAMPLE OF UN REFORM EXCELLENT EXAMPLE OF INTER-AGENCY CO-OPERATION – EXAMPLE OF UN REFORM LESSONS LEARNT KEY TO DEVELOPING PEI SCALE-UP – LAUNCHED FEB 2007 – STARTED 2008 LESSONS LEARNT KEY TO DEVELOPING PEI SCALE-UP – LAUNCHED FEB 2007 – STARTED 2008 SCALE-UP TO OTHER REGIONS – ASIA, LAC, EE & CIS SCALE-UP TO OTHER REGIONS – ASIA, LAC, EE & CIS THREE NEW PEI COUNTRIES IN AFRICA: MALAWI, BOTSWANA & BURKINA FASO. + TECHNICAL SUPPORT TO LIBERIA THREE NEW PEI COUNTRIES IN AFRICA: MALAWI, BOTSWANA & BURKINA FASO. + TECHNICAL SUPPORT TO LIBERIA DONOR SUPPORT BECAUSE JOINT UNDP-UNEP PROGRAMME & P-E MAINSTREAMING DONOR SUPPORT BECAUSE JOINT UNDP-UNEP PROGRAMME & P-E MAINSTREAMING

3. UNDP-UNEP POVERTY & ENVIRONMENT INITIATIVE (PEI): WHAT WE DO The UNDP-UNEP PEI supports governments to: Include pro-poor environmentally sustainable natural resource use as a core objective in development planning & implementation Include pro-poor environmentally sustainable natural resource use as a core objective in development planning & implementation Build capacity so that decision-makers know : Build capacity so that decision-makers know : How pro-poor environmental sustainability contributes to development & How pro-poor environmental sustainability contributes to development & How to include pro-poor environmental sustainability in development planning & implementation. How to include pro-poor environmental sustainability in development planning & implementation.

4. UNDP-UNEP POVERTY & ENVIRONMENT INITIATIVE (PEI): WHY WE DO IT Unsustainable use of the environment reduces the social & economic benefits produced E.G. People get sick & die, farmers grow less & earn less Development is hindered by environmental damage The contribution of environment to social & economic development is often poorly understood Environmental sustainability not operationally integrated into national development processes (e.g. PRSPs): Words but not action.

5. EXAMPLES OF POVERTY-ENVIRONMENT LINKS First picture shows a grossly polluted canal First picture shows a grossly polluted canal The 2nd is people living next to that canal & using this polluted water – because they do not have any other source of water. The 2nd is people living next to that canal & using this polluted water – because they do not have any other source of water. So they get sick from water borne diseases & malaria – ie pollution causes sickness & the costs associated with that So they get sick from water borne diseases & malaria – ie pollution causes sickness & the costs associated with that The 3 rd picture is of a very steep hillside – soil erosion is a major problem The 3 rd picture is of a very steep hillside – soil erosion is a major problem Soil erosion reduces agricultural productivity & causes silting of hydro electricity reservoirs = decreased electricity production Soil erosion reduces agricultural productivity & causes silting of hydro electricity reservoirs = decreased electricity production

9. Sun Tzu: “Always Start With the End in Mind” - THE RESULTS WE WANT TO ACHIEVE Pro-poor environmentally sustainable natural resource use is included as objective/outcome etc in national & sector development plans Pro-poor environmentally sustainable natural resource use is included as objective/outcome etc in national & sector development plans There are indicators attached to these objectives/outcomes There are indicators attached to these objectives/outcomes These indicators are included in the M & E plan These indicators are included in the M & E plan Sector Plans are developed & Budgets are allocated to achieve the objectives Sector Plans are developed & Budgets are allocated to achieve the objectives Budgets in sectors – not just environment ministries – are allocated to achieve sustainable natural resource use Budgets in sectors – not just environment ministries – are allocated to achieve sustainable natural resource use Increased donors support Increased donors support Longer term capacity building programme for the ENR sector is put in place Longer term capacity building programme for the ENR sector is put in place

10. WHAT HAS BEEN ACHIEVED? SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF HOW SUSTAINABILITY CAN HELP ACHIEVE DEVELOPMENT GOALS SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF HOW SUSTAINABILITY CAN HELP ACHIEVE DEVELOPMENT GOALS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY INCLUDED AS AN OBJECTIVE IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY INCLUDED AS AN OBJECTIVE IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS PARTIAL OPERATIONALISATION OF SUSTAINABILITY OBJECTIVES – E.G. INCREASED BUDGETARY ALLOCATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY PARTIAL OPERATIONALISATION OF SUSTAINABILITY OBJECTIVES – E.G. INCREASED BUDGETARY ALLOCATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY BUT RESULTS VARY BY COUNTRY – FAILURE IN SOME COUNTRIES BUT RESULTS VARY BY COUNTRY – FAILURE IN SOME COUNTRIES NORWEGIAN EVALUATION FINDINGS REFLECT THE ABOVE NORWEGIAN EVALUATION FINDINGS REFLECT THE ABOVE

11. General Programming Approach Country programme preparation: Developing country PEI programme in a bottom-up process based on national development priorities and processes. Country programme implementation - Phase I Identifying links between environmental management & achievement of development targets Operational integration of pro-poor environmental sustainability into national development plans Country programme implementation - Phase II Strengthening country capacity to integrate pro-poor environment into development processes at national & sectoral levels Strengthened domestic revenue base for environmental investments (reducing dependence on donors) Catalytic Approach: Seeking to change priorities so others (Govt, donors) increase invest in pro-poor environmentally sustainable natural resource use.

12. ECONOMICS IN PEI COUNTRY PROGRAMMES ECONOMICS VITAL FOR MAKING THE CASE – E.G. ‘I KNOW BECAUSE OF SOIL EROSION MY COUNTRY HAS TO PAY MORE FOR FERTILISER’ FORMER MIN OF FINANCE, MALAWI PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEWS, ECONOMICS INSTRUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL FISCAL REFORM & BUDGETING KEY TOOLS IN TURNING WORDS INTO ACTION INCREASING EMPHASIS ON ABOVE IN PEI AFRICA COUNTRY PROGRAMMES SOME MAJOR SUCCESSES, SOME RELATIVE FAILURES, MOVING INTO NEW FIELDS = TIME TO ASSESS, LEARN & IMPROVE = THIS FORUM

13. ECONOMICS FORUM OBJECTIVES To review PEI country experience and lessons learned in relation to: To review PEI country experience and lessons learned in relation to: Economic assessments/valuation of environment and natural resource Economic assessments/valuation of environment and natural resource Budget guidelines and public expenditure reviews on environment expenditures & Budget guidelines and public expenditure reviews on environment expenditures & Environmental fiscal reform (promoting the use of economic instruments for sustainable utilization of environment and natural resources) Environmental fiscal reform (promoting the use of economic instruments for sustainable utilization of environment and natural resources) To determine harmonized approaches and methodologies based on best practice To determine harmonized approaches and methodologies based on best practice To explore partnership opportunities with national, regional and global institutions To explore partnership opportunities with national, regional and global institutions

14. ECONOMICS FORUM OBJECTIVES LESSON LEARNING LESSON LEARNING WHAT HAS WORKED, WHAT HASN’T & WHY WHAT HAS WORKED, WHAT HASN’T & WHY HOW CAN WE HAVE GREATER IMPACT IN TERMS OF INCREASING INVESTMENTS IN PRO-POOR ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCE USE? HOW CAN WE HAVE GREATER IMPACT IN TERMS OF INCREASING INVESTMENTS IN PRO-POOR ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE NATURAL RESOURCE USE?