{ Abraham Lincoln’s Presidency

 February 12, 1809: Born in Kentucky  1830: Moves to Illinois where he becomes a clerk  : Member of the Illinois legislature  1858: Lincoln-Douglas Debates, defeated in campaign for US Senate  1860: Wins election of 1860 against Stephen Douglas, John Breckinridge, and John Bell  : President of the United States  April 15, 1865: Assassinated at Ford’s Theatre in Washington D.C Brief Biography of Lincoln

Republican  Abraham Lincoln  Popular in the North because he spoke out against slavery in debates  Ends up starting as being indifferent about slavery and has a main goal of preserving the Union  Wins 10% of the popular vote without even being on Southern Ballots, won key electoral votes Northern Democrat  Stephen Douglas  Does not want to spread slavery into Western Territory. Wants to fund Homestead Act and Transcontinental Railroad  Pleads with Southerners to stay in the Union regardless of who is elected  Not popular in the South. Only won in Missouri and only had three votes from New Jersey Election of 1860

Southern Democrat  John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky  Wins most of the slave-holding states in the deep South  Supports expansion of slavery into the territories Constitutional Union Party  John Bell  Main Goal: heal the split between the North and the South  Promises to preserve slavery in the Union  Wins three border states Election of 1860

“In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The Government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without yourselves the aggressor.” Abraham Lincoln, First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1861

“..the union now subsisting between South Carolina and the other states, under the name of ‘United States of America’, is hereby dissolved.” Secede: to separate, to leave States Seceding the Union after Lincoln’s election: South Carolina Mississippi Florida Alabama Georgia Louisiana Texas Virginia (West Virginia breaks away and remains in Union) Arkansas North Carolina Tennessee

 Jefferson Davis was the only President of the Confederacy (only lasted 4 years)  Opposed secession while in the Senate but was pro-slavery  Could not overcome infrastructure problems within the Confederacy  Was later widely respected in the South as a symbol of the “Lost Cause” Jefferson Davis: President of the CSA

 Slave states that did not secede  Delaware: Union support, few slaves  Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland— supported the South, but divided  Maryland—martial law  control of military authorities Border States

 Union fort in the middle of Charleston Harbor  Apr. 11, 1861: Confederate demand Union surrenders fort, Union refuses  Apr. 12, 1861: Confederates begin to demand and continue for 34 hours  Union troops were unprepared—lacking ammunition, tried to conserve ammunition throughout the battle  No one was killed in battle but Union surrender surrenders fort Fort Sumter

 Union: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Kansas, Oregon, California, West Virginia  Confederacy: Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Florida  Border: Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, Delawere Union: Blue Confederacy: Gray Border: Red