AYUBOWAN May all living-beings live long

Why Post Graduate studies/Research ? For personnel “ego” as a source of income till permanent employment (esp: research projects) As a “ticket” for the future.- Career Enhancement

PG/R. must be done to ensure that.. “I feel special because they speak to me in my language”.

This depends very much on whether the present PG/research you are involved in is - your own conceived “problem/ hypothesis” - is that of the supervisor Your commitment will depend on this fact and it will also open to the real need in pg/research – dialogue with supervisor.

PG/Research seeks new information PG/Research confirm existing information Information fuel change PG/Research through a scientific method “seeks reliable knowledge”

Link between Development and Environment

PLEASANT / DESIRABLE LIVING PRODUCTIVITY HUMAN HEALTH GENERAL WELL-BEING OF PEOPLE UNPLEASANT ENVIO : Pollution- air, water Waste Destruction of NR Sanitation ENVIO: DAMAGE Soil degradation, scarcity of water Depletion of ecosystems Loss of NR IMPACT ON ENVIO: QUALITY Air, water DEVELOPMENT Economic, social Environment achieves affects

Agricultural practice INSECURITY, and UNCERTAINITY OF THE FUTURE SECURITY and CERTAINITY Hunter – Gatherer ? Present society

THEORITICAL ENVIRONMENT NATURAL BUILT

NATURAL STRUCTURED THEORITICAL ENVIRONMENT

NATURAL BUILT THEORITICAL

ENVIRONMENT NATURAL STRUCTURED THEORITICAL

ENVIRONMENT NATURAL BUILTTHEORITICAL

ENVIRONMENT NATURAL STRUCTURED THEORITICAL

Past development caused the three elements of the environment – NATURE, BUILT and THEORIES to move apart

From: Steffen et al. In press 2004 Atmos CO 2 conc Domesticated land Loss of trop forest, woodland Coastal shrimp farmsFully exploited fisheries Climate disastersAv surface temp (NH) Atmos ozone loss Atmos CH 4 concAtmos N 2 O conc Coastal N 2 flux Global biodiversity Changes in environmental indicators,

UN Conference on Human Environment held in Stockholm. The conference is rooted in the regional pollution and acid rain problems of northern Europe. The conference leads to establishing many national environmental protection agencies and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) June 3-5

It also recognized… POVERTY as the cause for ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION SOLUTION undertake DEVELOPMENT

1982 The United Nations World Charter for Nature published. It adopts the principle that every form of life is unique and should be respected regardless of its value to humankind. world.charter.for.nature.1982.html ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT Nairobi Environment Conference Brundlandt Commission appointed on Environment and Development

Our Common Future Brundtland Report Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development weaves together social, economic, cultural and environmental issues and global solutions. Chaired by Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland. Popularizes term “ sustainable development.” 1987

Earth Summit. UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro, under the leadership of Maurice Strong. Agreements reached on Agenda 21, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Rio Declaration, and non-binding Forest Principles. Concurrent NGO Global Forum publishes alternative treaties. htm 1992

Development that meets the needs of the present,without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2000

World Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg, South Africa. World governments, concerned citizens, UN agencies, multilateral financial institutions, and other major groups participate and assess global change since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in

1972 POVERTY the cause for ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION the cause for POVERTY 2002 DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SOLUTION

SOCIAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTAL SD

The challenge of sustainable development arises from these two major converging trends. Decline in resource availability and ecosystems Impact = Population x Consumption x Technology Diminishing margin for action Sustainability All these reflect the following trends….

Problems cannot be solved within the mindset that created them. Albert Einstein

Economics Sociology Ecology

When will the REAL environmental commitment come ? 1974 formal EE in schools 1981 En Sc in Uni (Colombo) 1986 Env. Mgmt in SLIDA Seat of Power and Decision making

“In the next few years, we will face two major economic challenges. One, will be to ensure that the growing economic prosperity and the benefits of recent developments will filter down to all our people. Second, will be to lay the foundation for long term sustainable development.” (page 9)

“Mihinda Chinthanaya – Vision for the future” “It is evident that Sri Lanka cannot sustain its development efforts due to the lack of resources and environmental pollution. Consequently the “Haritha Lanka” programme will be launched from , under my leadership, with the objective of creating a base for sustainable development.” (page 65)

HARITHA LANKA

To forge a relationship with nature that would ensure sustainbility in all its activities aimed at improving the quality of life

10 Strategies identified… Incorporate sustainable development aspects in the curricular of Universities Haritha Lanka - Strategies

(Theruvan Saranai) Professor. Sarath Wimalabandara Kotagama Professor of Environmental Science University of Colombo