SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT Violence Prevention How the World Bank Can Contribute.

Violence Prevention a Silent Emergency WHO estimate that people die every year of interpersonal violence in the world (low estimate) Homicide rates are rising in many regions (LCR, AFR, EAST ASIA, ECA) Interpersonal and domestic violence kills much more people than war and conflicts. Rapid growth of urban area represent a major challenge for interpersonal violence High inequality, and poor governance correlates with crime and violence. Youth suffer the most from violence and it therefore represents a real risk for the future. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT

Why is the World Bank Concerned with Violence Prevention? High Economic Cost of Violence: burden of judicial system, health care, education, delivery of services, foregone investments large and small, loss of competitiveness, high cost of private security). Estimated 3.3 % in the US, 3.7% of GDP in Jamaica but some study estimate even much higher costs Negative Impact on Governance: Increases corruption and undermine public management Major Negative Impact on Reducing Poverty : impact of violence tend to be higher in poor neighborhood, especially in cities. Also risk of increasing inequality because the rich can protect themselves better and it affects more the poor and then the middle class Investments in Violence Prevention can Produce High Economic Benefits. With the right policies and political motivation you can get quite high return on violence prevention SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT

World Bank Approach: Breaking the Silos Peace building and post conflict reconstruction Crime and common violence prevention Domestic violence prevention

World Bank Approach Focus first on prevention and integrated approach: Prevention is where the rate of return of investments is the highest It involves areas where the WB is already very involved (urban planning, health, education, social protection, community development) It involves strong collaboration between different levels of authority (central government, regional governments, municipalities) where the Bank engage in policy dialogue Monitoring systems and data gathering Help develop judicial systems: New activities where we still have limited role Focus on access to justice for the poor and providing judicial services and protection to the poor We do not get involved much in security and hard core justice reform SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT

Overall approach Advocacy inside the World Bank and with client countries. Demonstrating the value for development Respond to demand from clients (Latin America and a few countries in Africa and Asia) Integrate into conflict prevention and fragile countries strategy Integrate into urban development strategy Integrate into youth Development Demonstration of viability into projects (mostly urban projects) Quality Study and Analysis

Provide a framework for violence prevention Creation of CCV team and internal recognition of the importance of the issue Work on cost of violence Study on community based approaches to violence prevention Scale up advocacy through conferences and seminars A chapter of 2010 World Development Report Integrated in World Bank Urban Strategy Bank Internal Working Group on Violence Prevention with about 50 members Engage with external partners (WHO, OECD, OAS, UNDP, IDB, OSI) SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT

Program of Analysis In LAC Crime Violence and Economic Development in Brazil Crime, Violence and Development in the Caribbean (With UNODC, 2007) Crime and Violence in Central America (In 2009) New program of research on crime and Violence in Brazil (2009 and 2010) Study in community based violence prevention in urban areas (Port au Prince, Fortaleza, Dilli, Nairobi, Johannesburg ) SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT

Example of Pilot Projects and Technical Assistance Bahia as part of urban project Quito as part of a program to address urban risk Japanese Grant on violence prevention in Jamaica and El Salvador Mexico program of technical Assistance Honduras as part of urban project Training and capacity building School based violence prevention tool kit implemented in Colombia and Nicaragua SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT

Challenges and Progress Still seen as a political and security issue by some countries and by some of our colleagues. Main instrument is lending Legitimacy of the World Bank not yet established Difficulty to push integrated approaches when we have a sectoral dialogue Need to find credible approaches in fragile countries Work program is increasing rapidly in Latin America Interest is growing in other region SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT