PRINTED MATERIALS

Printed materials include textbooks, fiction and nonfiction books, booklets, as well as word-processed documents prepared by students and teachers. Textbooks have long been the foundation of classroom instruction.

ADVANTAGES

AVAILABILITY. Printed materials are readily available on a variety of topics and in many different formats. FLEXIBILITY. They are adaptable to many changes to many purposes and may be used in any well-lit environment. PORTABILITY. They are easily carried from place to place and do not require any equipment or electricity.

USER FRIENDLY. Properly designed printed materials are easy to use, not requiring special effort to “navigate” through them. ECONOMICAL. Printed materials are relatively inexpensive to produce or purchase and can be reused. In fact, some may be obtained free, as described in Chapter 4.

LIMITATIONS

READING LEVEL. The major limitation of printed materials is that they are written at a certain reading level. MEMORIZATION. Some teachers require students to memorize many facts and definitions. VOCABULARY. Some texts introduce a large number of vocabulary terms and concepts in a short amount of space.

ONE-WAY PRESENTATION. Since most printed materials are not interactive, they tend to be used in a passive way, often without comprehension. CURRICULUM DETERMINATION. Sometimes textbooks dictate the curriculum rather than being used to support the curriculum. CURSORY APPRAISAL. Selection committees might not examine textbooks carefully.

Integration The most common application of printed materials is presenting information. Students are given reading assignments and are held accountable for the material during class discussions and on tests. Teacher-made handouts can also complement a teacher’s presentation, or students may use them as they study independently.

Printed materials are used in all subject areas and with students of all ages once they learn to read. The media center is a source of a variety of printed materials on countless topics and in almost every conceivable format. Guidelines and examples are found in “When to Use Printed Materials.”

When to Use Printed Materials GUIDELINES... reading printed information for which they will be held accountable... supplementing teacher-presented material EXAMPLES High school students read an assigned chapter from the course textbook. Student use library books, encyclopedias, or newspapers to add to their knowledge of a topic.

... using handouts that guide them through learning activities... implementing an SQ3R method Students use a step-by-step guide to write a book report. Students survey, ask questions, read, recite, and review printed information about the Bill of Rights.

PRINT MEDIA

The following guidelines address photocopying of print materials for teacher use and class use. As a teacher, you may make single copies of: A chapter from a book An article from a periodical or newspaper A short story, short essay, or short poem One illustration per book, periodical, or newspaper

For classroom use, you may make multiple copies of: A complete article, story, or essay of less than 2,500 words. If it is longer than 2,500 words, you are limited to up to 1,000 words or 10 percent, whichever is less. A complete poem if it is less than 2,500 words. An excerpt of a longer poem should not exceed 250 words.

Limits on frequency and amount of copying for classroom use are as follows: The number of classroom copies cannot exceed the number of students in a class. No more than two excerpts or one short poem, article, story, or essay may be copied from the same author.

There should be no more than nine instances of multiple copying during one class term. Copying must meet the “spontaneity” test. Materials cannot be copied if they are intended to be consumable (e.g., workbooks and standardized tests).

Using Printed Materials in the Classroom Get learners actively involved with the materials. Direct student reading with objectives or questions, and provide a worksheet if one is not included with the materials.

THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS! =))