LANDLOCKED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES HARNESSING ICT OPPORTUNITIES Mrs. Fuatai Purcell Head of Division, LDCs, LLDCs & SIDS Emergency Telecom & Climate Change BDT/ITU LLDC CONFERENCE VIENNA, 3-7 November 2014

LDCs + LLDCs : LLDCs 17 15 LAO NEPAL BHUTAN AFGHANISTAN South Sudan MALAWI RWANDA NIGER UGANDA LAO CHAD BURKINA FASO BURUNDI ETHIOPIA NEPAL ZAMBIA 17 BHUTAN LESOTHO AFGHANISTAN MALI CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC South Sudan Add south sudan – LDC KAZAKHSTAN 15 AZERBAIJAN PARAGUAY TURKMENISTAN FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA TAJIKISTAN KYRGYZSTAN MONGOLIA MOLDOVA BOLIVIA ARMENIA SWAZILAND BOTSWANA ZIMBABWE UZBEKISTAN

SPREAD OF LLDCs! ASIA (10) EUROPE (4) LATIN AMERICA (2) AFRICA (16)

CHALLENGES DEPENDENCY ON NEIGHBORING AND COASTAL COUNTRIES FOR CONNECTIVITY LOW INTEREST TO INVEST IN ICT INFRASTRUCTURE IN LLDCs INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT COSTS ARE HIGH TRANSPORT ROUTES TO LLDCs ARE DIFFICULT, LONG AND EXPENSIVE REMOTENESS FROM WORLD MARKETS A HIGH VULNERABILITY TO EXTERNAL SHOCKS LLDCs in Central Asia are located at least 3,500 kilometres away from the nearest maritime port, and seven face distances in excess of 1,500 kilometres away from sea ports

BUT THERE ARE OPPORTUNITIES … FOR SOME HIGH GROWTH IN MOBILE BROADBAND SUBSCRIPTIONS WORLDWIDE INTERNET TRAFFIC GROWS DAILY

SOME OPPORTUNITIES ARE IN ICTs

Fixed (wired)-broadband monthly subscription charges, in USD LLDC TRANSIT COUNTRY

International Internet bandwidth, in Mbit/s LLDC TRANSIT COUNTRY

SATELLITE IS EVEN MORE COSTLY To meet current demands using satellite by lowering costs through Space Segment Consolidation efforts. But prices are going down!! LLDCs face severe challenges to growth and development due to a wide range of factors, including: poor physical infrastructure, weak institutional and productive capacities, small domestic markets, remoteness from world markets, and a high vulnerability to external shocks . Four LLDCs in Central Asia are located at least 3,500 kilometres away from the nearest maritime port, and seven face distances in excess of 1,500 kilometres away from sea ports

BUT WE ARE TAKING ACTION … ITU PLENIPOTENTIARY CONFERENCE RESOLUTION 30 (Rev. Guadalajara, 2010) - Special measures for the least developed countries, small island developing states, landlocked developing countries and countries with economies in transition WORLD TELECOMMUNICATION DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE RESOLUTION 16 (Rev. Dubai 2014) - Special actions and measures for the least developed countries, small island developing states, landlocked developing countries and countries with economies in transition WORLD CONFERENCE ON INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESOLUTION PLEN/1 (DUBAI, 2012) - Special measures for landlocked developing countries and small island developing states for access to international optical fibre networks FIX RESO 16

MISSION TO CONNECT THE WORLD 2013

ACTION ON THE GROUND – PRIORITY AREAS Infrastructure Development Regulatory and Market Environment ICT Statistics and Indicators Capacity Building ICT Applications Emergency Telecommunications Climate Change and E-Waste Cybersecurity Digital Inclusion LDCs, LLDCs and SIDS ACTION ON THE GROUND – PRIORITY AREAS

ITU ACTIVITIES ITU-D ITU-R ITU-T V - Series Vital role in developing policy, regulation, and legal frameworks. Implements ICT projects and activities across the Globe ITU-R ITU-T Vital role in developing international standards defining elements in the interoperability of ICT global infrastructure. Vital role in global management of the radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbits V - Series Radio Regulations

DIGITAL OPPORTUNITIES ARE IN BROADBAND “In the 21st century, affordable broadband access to the Internet is becoming as vital to social and economic development as networks like transport, water and power” – Dr Hamadoun Touré, ITU Secretary-General Enhancing access to broadband All countries should have a national broadband plan or strategy or include broadband in their Universal Access / Service Definitions. Entry-level broadband services should be made affordable in developing countries through adequate regulation and market forces (amounting to less than 5% of average monthly income). 40% of households in developing countries should have Internet access. Internet user penetration should reach 60% worldwide, 50% in developing countries and 15% in LDCs. Making broadband policy universal. Making broadband affordable Connecting homes to broadband

BROADBAND IN LLDCs! POLICY How to make it work? Reduce Costs!!!! Committed to connecting the World How to make it work? Reduce Costs!!!! Cost Factors for Broadband REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL CONNECTIVITY NATIONAL BACKBONE INFRASTRUCTURE SHARING ACCESS NETWORK POLICY COMPETITION Changes in technology, like moving from satellite to submarine cables for international connectivity, and from microwave to fibre in national backbone and infrastructure sharing, can result in substantial reductions in the cost of delivering broadband services. Similarly, increasing the amount of spectrum available (which allows for faster end-user speeds) will increase take-up rates, which also helps to reduce per-subscriber costs. Regulators and policy makers must create transparent environments that promote investor confidence, and should actively support open access and sharing to help operators deploy networks that will be profitable – and intervene when necessary to ensure availability in rural areas. Cost factors include: infrastructure costs (for example, international connectivity, national backbone, infrastructure sharing, access network), the level of competition and the level of demand. Supply-side issues affects broadband adoption.

EMERGING OPPORTUNITIES FOR LLDCs B more BROADBAND GROWTH OF 10 % GDP GROWTH Check MIS report under investment …. 0.1% – 1.5% 1.5% GDP/Year Labor Productivity over 5 Years

ITU ACTIVITIES FOR ALMATY PoA PRIORITY AREAS ACTIVITIES FUNDAMENTAL TRANSIT POLICY ISSUES ICT Global Policy and Regulatory Framework Harmonization Human and Institutional Capacity Bulding INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE Infrastructure Development Projects Introduction of Sustainable Business Models National Broadband Plans and Strategies INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TRADE FACILITATION E-Business, e-Government, e-Banking, e-Trading, PKI for Secure Transactions, Cybersecurity INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT MEASURES Facilitating Access to technologies and transfer of know how. Forging Partnerships (Gvts, IGOs, Industry) IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW Concentrated Assistance, reporting.

THANK YOU