1. The International Seabed Authority and Land-Locked Developing Countries
UNCLOS and the LLDCs
United Nations, New York
1 June 2012
Michael W. Lodge
Deputy to the Secretary-General

2. The seabed beyond national jurisdiction - the 'Area'
The seabed beyond national jurisdiction - the 'Area'. Mineral resources of the Area are the common heritage of mankind.
Mineral exploration or exploitation in the Area may be conducted only under contract with the International Seabed Authority.

3. LLDC members of ISA 10% ARMENIA BOLIVIA BOTSWANA BURKINA FASO CHAD
LAO PEOPLE’S DEM. REPUBLIC
LESOTHO
MALAWI
MALI
MOLDOVA
MONGOLIA
NEPAL
PARAGUAY
THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REP.OF MACEDONIA
UGANDA
ZAMBIA
ZIMBABWE
10%
Lldcs make up about 10% isa membership. 17
But only 3 have attended in last 5 years

4. LLDC UN members non-SPLOS
18 of the UN members who are not parties to UNCLOS are land-locked
Of UN members who are NOT states parties to UNCLOS, 42% (18) are land-locked
Do LLGDS consider it is not worthwhile joining UNCLOS?
Mistaken
Benefits of ISA membership
Sponsorship of reserved areas.
42%

5. LLDC participation Article 148 Article 160(2)(k)
Special needs of LLGDS to overcome obstacles arising from their disadvantaged location, including remoteness from the Area
Provisions relating to LLDC participation
Opportunity for seats on Council in three chambers.
No candidates and no representation
Next election 2012
Article 160(2)(k)
... problems of a general nature arising for developing states that are due to their geographical location, particularly for LLGDS

6. LLDC eligibility for ISA Council
Group C: major net exporters
Uganda (19.6%)
Zambia (12.9%)
Provisions relating to LLDC participation
Opportunity for seats on Council in three chambers.
No candidates and no representation
Next election 2012
Group D: special interests
Includes land-locked
Group E: equitable geographic representation
Czech Republic, but no LLDC

7. LLDC benefit-sharing Article 140 Article 160 Article 82
Benefit of mankind as a whole, irrespective of geographic location ...
Article 160
... equitable sharing of financial and other economic benefits ...
Provisions relating to LLDC participation
Opportunity for seats on Council in three chambers.
No candidates and no representation
Next election 2012
Article 82
... revenue sharing ...
Articles 143 and 256
Participation in marine scientific research in the Area (including training).

8. Participate in reserved areas (shown in green)