Parts of Speech Mrs. Withers English 9. Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, and Adverbs  Noun  A person, place, or thing  Verb  An action word  Adjective 

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Parts of Speech Mrs. Withers English 9

Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, and Adverbs  Noun  A person, place, or thing  Verb  An action word  Adjective  A word that describes a noun  Adverb  A word that describes a verb  Usually ends in “-ly”

Practice  Identify the part of speech for the underlined words. 1. Odysseus escapes Poseidon’s wrath. 2. He flees quickly, in order to avoid persecution. 3. Telemachus searches unsuccessfully for his father. 4. Penelope’s enduring patience demonstrates her unyielding love for Odysseus.

Subject  Definition: The subject of a sentence is the person, place, thing, or idea that is doing or being something. Example:  Hermes delivers a message to Calypso.  Calypso acquiesces to Zeus’ mandate.  Odysseus is the epic hero in The Odyssey.

Direct Objects  Definition: A direct object will follow a transitive verb (a type of action verb)  Example:  The brave soldiers defeated the men at Troy.  The brave soldiers = subjects  defeated = verb  The brave soldiers defeated who?  the men = direct object

Direct Objects  Subject + verb + who/what (direct object)  Example:  Penelope denies her suitors.  Subject = Penelope  Verb = mourns  Direct Object (who/what) = suitors

Direct Object  Practice  Circle the direct object in the sentences below.  1. Zeus commands Calypso to release Odysseus from captivity.  2. Odysseus stabs Polyphemus in the eye after he falls into a drunken stupor.  3. Athena helps Odysseus recover after Poseidon destroys his raft in a deadly storm.

Indirect Objects  For an indirect object to appear, a sentence must first have a direct object.  Definition: When someone (or something) gets the direct object, that word is the indirect object  Example:  Calypso built Odysseus a raft so he could return home.  Calypso = subject  built = verb  Calypso built what? raft = direct object  Who got the raft? Odysseus = indirect object

Indirect Objects  Subject + verb + who/what (indirect object) + who gets the indirect object  So that Odysseus would not die from his injuries, Athena grants him restful sleep.  Subject = Athena  Verb = grants  Direct object = sleep  Who gets the sleep? Indirect object = Odysseus

Practice 1. Homer asks the Muses for assistance in telling his tale to the audience  Subject =  Verb =  Direct Object = 2. Odysseus tells his stories of adventures for King Alcinous’ court.  Subject =  Verb =  Direct Object =  Indirect Object =

Practice 3. To avoid death, Odysseus tells Polyphemus a lie.  Subject =  Verb =  Direct Object =  Indirect Object = 4. Polyphemus did not have plans for revenge, so Poseidon harasses Odysseus for him.  Subject =  Verb =  Direct Object =  Indirect Object =

Predicate Nominative  Definition: Predicate nominatives complete a linking verb and rename the subject.  Predicate nominatives complete only linking verbs.

Predicate Nominative  What is a linking verb?  Linking verbs connect the subject with the descriptive adjective.  The linking verbs include the following:  The helping verbs: is, am, are, was, were, be, being, and been  The sense verbs: look, taste, smell, feel, and sound  And verbs like: become, seem, appear, grow, continue, stay, and turn

Predicate Nominatives  I am a student.  The subject is renamed. I  student  Brian is the best dancer.  Brian  dancer  He is a talented architect.  He  architect

Predicate Adjective  A predicate adjective modifies the subject of the sentence, and is connected to the subject by a linking verb.  Examples:  Children grow older every day.  The baby remains happy during her bath.  Her lasagna smells scrumptious.

Practice  Directions : Circle only the predicate nominatives in the following sentences.  1. He is an excellent teacher.  2. I am a free thinker.  3. Jeopardy is a tough game show.  4. That lion was the king of the jungle.  5. The cat was old but was still a great rat-catcher.

Practice  Directions : Circle only the predicate adjectives in the following sentences.  1. That car is extremely fast.  2. These students are wonderful!  3. This test seemed really difficult but was actually really easy.  4. The apple pie smells delicious.  5. The computer used to be old and loud.  6. That woman is an amazing doctor because she is kind and caring.

Practice  Directions: Label each sentence part. Then identify the underlined word by writing its name on the line provided.  ___________________1) These planes were beautiful.  ___________________2) Snow and ice covered the streets.  ___________________3) My best friend is Thomas.  ___________________4) Everyone loves candy.  ___________________5) The teacher gave us an assignment.

Practice  Directions: Label each sentence part. Then identify the underlined word by writing its name on the line provided.  ___________________6) The children bounce the ball.  ___________________7) I brought a balloon to Diane.  ___________________8) Connor is the best writer in class.  ___________________9) The baby needs a nap.  __________________10) The students asked the teacher many questions.

Practice  Directions: Label each sentence part. Then identify the underlined word by writing its name on the line provided.  ______________11) The building Andrea lives in is a brownstone.  ______________12) Can you send me a letter ?  ______________13) We ate steak for dinner.  ______________14) Our coffee is warm and sweet.  ______________15) She gives violin lessons to Jacob.