Physical vs Digital

Tangible Interfaces “Tangible interfaces give physical form to digital information, employing physical artefacts both as representations and controls for computational media.” Ullmer & Ishii, 2001, MIT Media lab, Tangible Media group 2 “The basic premise is that the affordances of the physical handles are inherently richer than what virtual handles afford through conventional direct manipulation techniques. These physical affordances, [..] include facilitating two handed interactions, spatial caching, and parallel position and orientation control” Fitmaurice et al.,1995

Logo blocks Resnick, M., Silverman, B. S., Begel, A., Martin, F., Welch, K., Logo Blocks, Begel, A., LogoBlocks: A Graphical Programming Language for Interacting with the World, S.B. Thesis, MIT Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,

Programming bricks McNerney,

TICLE: Tangible Interfaces for Collaborative Learning Environments L.L. Scarlatos (2002). An Application of Tangible Interfaces in Collaborative Learning Environments, SIGGRAPH 2002 Conference Abstracts and Applications,

Tangibles for Learning project Price, S., Sheridan, J.G. and Pontual-Falcão, T. Action and representation in tangible systems: implications for design of learning interactions. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction, Cambridge, USA.

Tern Programming language

Experimental comparisons TUI vs GUI Active collaboration Apprehendability Engagement Number of programs created by visitors per session Length of programs created Complexity of programs create Michael S. Horn, R. Jordan Crouser, and Marina U. Bers Tangible interaction and learning: the case for a hybrid approach. Personal Ubiquitous Comput. 16, 4 (April 2012), DOI= /s

TANGIBLE JIGSAW PUZZLES – COMPARING TUI – PUI -GUI Antle, A.N. Exploring how children use their hands to think: An embodied interactional analysis, Behaviour and Information Technology, (2012).Exploring how children use their hands to think: An embodied interactional analysis Xie et al (2008) Are Tangibles more Fun, TEI, Feb , Bonn, Germany

“Tangible interaction provides unique opportunities to support the development of thinking skills in areas where physical interaction is beneficial and can be augmented with digital feedback that facilitates social interaction and skills development” “Epistemic actions are those actions used to change the world in order to simplify the problem-solving task. the action changes the world in some way that makes the task easier to solve. “ “Pragmatic actions are those actions whose primary function is to bring the individual closer to his or her physical goal (e.g. winning the game, solving the puzzle).”

SmartStep

FINGU Barendregt, W., Lindström, B., Rietz-Leppänen, E. Holgersson, I., Ottosson, T. (2012) Development and Evaluation of Fingu: A Mathematics iPad Game Using Multi-touch Interaction. Proceedings of IDC, June, Bremen.

Tangibles for Mathematics allow collaborative use; provide scaffolding; increase user engagement; are accessible by children with different kinds of disabilities; Should be independent of personal computers; Should be viable in the physical space of classrooms; Should be aligned with school curriculum; Should be fairly inexpensive