the atom By: Adriana Venegas

The atom

What is an atom The atom is the fundamental unit of which elements are composed. Atoms are tiny particles, i.e. Hydrogen the smallest atom, has a diameter of 10⁻⁸ cm. All objects are composed/made up of atoms.

Elements There are over 110 types of atoms. Different types of atoms are called Elements. Elements are organized on a table, called Periodic Table of Elements Most common types of elements: Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen. Elements have symbols or a set of abbreviations. Elements

The anatomy of the atom There are different particles in an atom. The Nucleus – contains both protons and neutrons. Protons – have a positive electrical charge. Neutrons – have no charge, therefore are neutral. Electrons – have a negative electrical charge. Regular atoms are electrically neutral. Electrons and protons counteract each other. In an electrically neutral atom there are the same amount of Electron and Neutrons. Nucleus accounts for the nearly all of the atom’s ass.

Structure Nucleus located at the center. Nucleus densest part of atom. Electrons fall in electron cloud. Electrons orbit in energy levels. Exact location of electrons cannot be stated. Structure

Compounds Compound: A substance composed of a given combination of elements that can be broken down into those elements by chemical methods. This means atoms group together to form a substance. For example: Water, H₂O, is made up of 2 Hydrogen atoms and 1 Oxygen atom. Compounds always contain atoms of different elements. A compound always has the same composition. By contrast, a pure substance, contains atoms of only that same element.

Dalton’s atomic theory English scientist, John Dalton presented a theory for a set of observations in 1808. Elements are made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms of an element are all identical. Atoms from a given element differ from other atoms of another element. Compounds are formed when atoms of one element bond with atoms of another element. During chemical processes atoms are not visible. The atoms change their grouping, but are not created nor destroyed.

Physical and Chemical properties & changes Physical Properties Odor Color Volume State: Gas, Liquid, Plasma, Solid Density Melting & Boiling Point Chemical Properties Ability to form new substances A substance changes to a new or different substance(s). Physical and Chemical properties & changes

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Works sited Zumdahl, Steven S., and Donald J. DeCoste. Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation: Special Edition for Salt Lake Community College. 7th ed. Mason: Cengage Learning, 2011. Print. "Anatomy of the Atom." (EnvironmentalChemistry.com). N.p., n.d. Web. 06 May 2013. http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/atom_anatomy.html "The Atom." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 06 May 2013. http://library.thinkquest.org/17940/texts/atom/atom.html