“What Alcohol is doing to our Children – The Role of the Courts” Magistrate Judges Conference Boise, Idaho Ronald E. Bogle Superior Court Judge (Retired)

Alcohol Facts Addictive psychoactive drug Addictive psychoactive drug Youth “drug of choice” Youth “drug of choice” Public health threat Public health threat Catalyst for worst, even criminal behaviors Catalyst for worst, even criminal behaviors Easily accessible to children Easily accessible to children Nation’s worst drug problem Nation’s worst drug problem

When considering alcohol’s harm to the individual user, along with the user’s harm to the environment around them, alcohol is the most harmful and lethal drug. Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs (2010)

The age of first use is a powerful predictor of a lifetime of alcohol abuse and dependence. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)

Underage Drinking 2012 On average, a child takes their first drink of alcohol at age 12. Daily, 7,000 more teens below the age of 16 take their first drink. Alcohol kills more teens than all other drugs combined. Teens who begin drinking before age 15 are five times more likely to suffer issues of alcohol abuse or dependency during their lifetime than a peer who delays the onset of drinking until age 21. Underage drinking is linked to high-risk and other undesirable behaviors, including, violence, sexual assaults, homicide, suicides, high-risk sex, smoking, and accidental injury or death.

How Teens Drink 90 % of alcohol consumed by teens occurs while binge drinking. Reducing Underage Drinking: A Collective Responsibility National Institute of Medicine (IOM)

Teenage girls (7 th to 12 th grade) are now outpacing boys in the consumption of alcohol. American Medical Association

66% of high school students reported that they had one or more binge drinking episodes in the past month. National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

18 to 24-year old binge drinkers average four (4) binges per month and 10 drinks per binge. National Centers for Disease Control (CDC)

Binge drink is responsible for nearly 55% of all alcohol-related deaths. National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

More than 12 % of Americans ages 18 to 20 are addicted to alcohol, the highest rate of addiction of any age group. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism

Alcohol and Public Health Alcohol use is the third-leading preventable cause of death in the U.S., causing more than 100,000 deaths annually. Alcohol use is the third-leading preventable cause of death in the U.S., causing more than 100,000 deaths annually. 190,000 hospital emergency department visits by underage drinkers in ,000 hospital emergency department visits by underage drinkers in Alcohol use is directly related to more than 60 medical conditions, and associated with more than 200 others. Alcohol use is directly related to more than 60 medical conditions, and associated with more than 200 others.

Alcohol and Public Health Alcohol is the most commonly used and abused drug among youths. Alcohol is the most commonly used and abused drug among youths. For the still-developing teen body, there is no level of safe drinking. For the still-developing teen body, there is no level of safe drinking. Teen alcohol use carries long-term health risks. Teen alcohol use carries long-term health risks. Problematic teen alcohol consumption is not a benign condition that resolves with age. Problematic teen alcohol consumption is not a benign condition that resolves with age.

Underage drinking among university students is increasing in frequency and intensity. National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse Columbia University

Alcohol and Collegians Alcohol-related deaths and poisoning are at record levels. Alcohol-related deaths and poisoning are at record levels. 600,000 alcohol-related injuries annually. 600,000 alcohol-related injuries annually. 700,000 alcohol-related assaults “reported” annually. 700,000 alcohol-related assaults “reported” annually. 97,000 alcohol-related sexual assaults on collegiate women “reported” annually. 97,000 alcohol-related sexual assaults on collegiate women “reported” annually. 90% of sexual assaults on collegiate women involve alcohol as a factor. 90% of sexual assaults on collegiate women involve alcohol as a factor. Impaired driving rates among collegians rising Impaired driving rates among collegians rising National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

Teens and Alcohol A Deadly Combination Alcohol kills more teens than all other drugs combined. Alcohol kills more teens than all other drugs combined. 8 children die each day of gun- related violence. 8 children die each day of gun- related violence. 13 children die each day of alcohol- related causes. 13 children die each day of alcohol- related causes. National Institutes of Health

95% of problem adult drinkers began drinking as teens. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism

How Idaho Teens Drink Idaho underage drinkers consume alcohol more heavily than of-legal-drinking age adults. UDs average 4.7 drinks per day, while of-legal-age adults average 1.8 drinks per day. Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation (2011)

Idaho Costs of Harm $300.3 million in alcohol-related costs associated with underage drinking, including youth violence, traffic crashes, property crimes, injury, high-risk sex, poisoning and psychoses, fetal alcohol syndrome among mothers 15 to 20, and alcohol-related treatment. Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation (2011)

Idaho Underage Drinking Costs (2010) Idaho Underage Drinking Costs (2010) $300.3 million Youth violence - $118.8 million Youth violence - $118.8 million Youth property crime - $16.1 million Youth property crime - $16.1 million Youth traffic crashes - $101.3 million Youth traffic crashes - $101.3 million Fetal Alcohol Syndrome - $8.9 million Fetal Alcohol Syndrome - $8.9 million Youth Alcohol treatment - $16 million Youth Alcohol treatment - $16 million Youth injury - $17.6 million Youth injury - $17.6 million High-risk sex (14-20) - $18.7 million High-risk sex (14-20) - $18.7 million Poisonings/Psychoses - $2.8 million Poisonings/Psychoses - $2.8 million Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation (2011)

Underage drinking in Idaho costs $907. per year for each youth in the State. Meanwhile, the alcohol industry earns more than $109 million annually from underage alcohol sales. Societal Costs of Underage Drinking Journal of Studies on Alcohol

Cost to the Nation Underage drinking cost the nation $62. billion in Underage drinking cost the nation $62. billion in Translation - $2,070 per year for each youth in the state or $3.17 per drink consumed underage. Translation - $2,070 per year for each youth in the state or $3.17 per drink consumed underage. Average U.S. retail drink price - $1.22. Average U.S. retail drink price - $1.22. Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation (2011)

Fruits of National Complacency 53% of the nation’s alcoholics are identified at young people, pre- teen to age 26. National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA, 2008)

Sobering Statistics Alcohol – a frequent Partner in Crime and High-Risk Behaviors

Underage drinking is a causal factor in a host of serious problems, including homicide, suicide, traumatic injury, drowning, burns, violent and property crime, high risk sex, fetal alcohol syndrome, alcohol poisoning, and need for treatment for alcohol abuse and dependence. Underage Drinking Enforcement Training Center

Alcohol is a leading factor 67% of domestic violence 67% of domestic violence 62% of assaults 62% of assaults 54% of murders/attempted murder 54% of murders/attempted murder 48% of robberies 48% of robberies 44% of burglaries 44% of burglaries 66% of child abuse 66% of child abuse 75% of date rape 75% of date rape 90% of sexual assaults on coeds 90% of sexual assaults on coeds

Alcohol-related car crashes kill more people ages 16 to 20 than any other age group. 40 % of fatal alcohol-related crashes involve teens. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)

National “Call to Action” “We can no longer ignore what alcohol is doing to our children.” RADM Kenneth Moritsugu, M.D. U.S. Surgeon General March 6, 2007

“I don’t believe the problem behind risky teen behavior is a lack of knowledge. The programs do a good job in teaching kids the facts. Education alone doesn’t work. It doesn’t seem to affect their behavior.” Dr. Laurence Steinberg, Temple University

The Need for Judicial Leadership Judges occupy a unique position, one that allows them to speak to the growing problems associated with underage drinking. Judges occupy a unique position, one that allows them to speak to the growing problems associated with underage drinking. Judges hold the ethical obligation to ensure the effective administration of justice. Judges hold the ethical obligation to ensure the effective administration of justice. Judges serve as convenors and facilitators, bringing together diverse parties and interests to forge solutions. Judges serve as convenors and facilitators, bringing together diverse parties and interests to forge solutions. Judges represent a respected and venerable institution. Judges represent a respected and venerable institution. Judges promote effective citizen involvement. Judges promote effective citizen involvement. Reclaiming Futures Project

Contact Information Ronald E. Bogle Superior Court Judge (Retired) Community Strategies Group 154 Lake Ellen Drive Chapel Hill, NC (919)