The Writing Process in Primary Classrooms Sylvia Abell AAEC, Inc.

Logistics Room set-up: lower primary Place for children to talk, listen, and write Gathering place in front of an easel Special chair Book display (tubs by genre, etc.) Word walls/ banks Storage place for writing Writing surfaces of all sorts Notebooks for journaling Sentence-strips paper Pictures ABC strips at eye level and taped to tables or put in writing folders Self sticking labels (compliments or questions during peer conferences) Clipboards Big books Microphone for author’s chair. (Freeman)

Logistics Room set up – upper primary Carefully arrange desks or tables into pods, but provide options Some may write using clipboards while sitting on the floor Others may prefer to sit at a desk in a quiet corner Some might like a bean bag chair or soft couch Provide a specified place where writers can go to conference with peers Provide a place where you can group conference or where writers can come to you to conference Provide a place for materials (Writing Center) –Could be a small desk, a cart, baskets, etc. (Fletcher, Forney)

Logistics Materials for Writing Center Paper of all kinds Tape Post-it notes Dialogue bubble post-its Pencils and erasers Highlighters Bright pens for revising Colored pencils for editing Note cards Writing plans Models of genre pieces Dictionaries and thesauri Colored dots, stickers, etc. Envelopes, etc.

Steps of the Writing Process Prewriting Drafting Revising Editing Publishing

Prewriting in Primary Talking (telling stories, show and tell) Reading and manipulating models Brainstorming –Mapping –Webbing –Story boarding –Building a writing plan Drawing “Researching” their topics Talking some more

Drafting in Primary Modeling Writing together Doing a whole-class piece Stressing the use of invented spelling Using interactive writing and word banks Encouraging drawing and labeling to begin

Drafting: Writing Time This may be free writing, a choice of topics, a whole class piece, or a directed topic. Avoid anything that will disturb concentration or focus. Circulate to help kids who are stuck or who need extra help. Wear a carpenter’s apron for instant validation (stickers, stamp, stars, hole punch, etc. to reward good skills and good workshop behavior when you see it). (Forney)

Revising in Primary Adding more Describing something Answering an unanswered question Changing an ordinary word to a “sizzling word” Adding a new writing skill –Model each revision skill individually; then, send students back to their own work. (Melissa Forney)

Editing in Primary Practice editing skills together for the fun of it Work on the specific editing skill the students are attempting to use in their writing - only one at a time Use sentence strips, manipulatives, computer programs, or other active devices for teaching editing skills Provide manipulatives for skills such as dates, names on papers, parts of a letter, etc. Have editing conferences, again focusing on only one correctness issue at a time.

Publishing Exchange writing with other classes and students Read to principal Display on bulletin board Author’s chair Mail or Type on computer (school website or blog) Newsletters Media center Pop-up books Pen pals Gifts (Marcia Freeman) “If you give writers only one thing, give them an audience.” Peter Elbow

Publishing: Sharing Time (lower primary) Gather class to author’s chair and share your piece first. Ask what they liked the best. Invite 4 to 6 children to the chair and praise their efforts. Invite all students to read to one other classmate before they put their pieces away. (Freeman)

Publishing: Sharing Time (upper primary) Pick three or four to share aloud. Pick carefully. –No goofy or silly pieces. (That will encourage everyone to do this.) –Pick a range of abilities to share. Send the message that all writing is valued. Ask class – what did you learn? What did the writer do well? What questions do you have? Or use three plusses and a wish… (Fletcher, Abell)

Resources Calkins, Lucy. The Art of Teaching Writing. Fletcher, Ralph. The Writing Workshop Forney, Melissa. Primary Pizzazz Writing Freeman, Marcia. Teaching the Youngest Writer