CE 303: Introduction to Construction Blueprint Lab

Objectives Types of lines and symbols Types of lines and symbols Various types of views used in drawings Various types of views used in drawings Topography/contour maps Topography/contour maps Profiles Profiles Cross Sections Cross Sections Plot Plans Plot Plans

Legends List of symbols used to identify features in the drawing. List of symbols used to identify features in the drawing. Every symbol and line type used in the drawing will have a corresponding entry in the legend. Every symbol and line type used in the drawing will have a corresponding entry in the legend.

General Line Types (Alphabet of Lines) Property Lines Property Lines Border Lines Border Lines Object Lines Object Lines Hidden Lines Hidden Lines Center Lines Center Lines Dimension and Extension Lines Dimension and Extension Lines Break Lines Break Lines Cutting Plane Lines or Section Lines Cutting Plane Lines or Section Lines

Alphabet of Lines property line border line object line hidden line center line

Alphabet of Lines dimension & extension lines dimension & extension lines 23’-6” Extension Line Dimension Line

Alphabet of Lines break lines long short

Alphabet of Lines F A5 direction section is facing direction section is facing section identification sheet number location of section sheet number location of section G S12 BB cutting-plane lines

Blueprint View Types Plan Views Plan Views Orthographic/Perspective Orthographic/Perspective Detail Views Detail Views Contour/Topographic Views Contour/Topographic Views Cross-sections Cross-sections Profiles Profiles Plot Plans Plot Plans

Typical Architectural Plan View

Orthographic Views/Drawings all construction drawings use orthographic drawings all construction drawings use orthographic drawings projected at right angles projected at right angles more detail can be shown more detail can be shown start with the front view start with the front view drawn to true size or scale drawn to true size or scale

Perspective View/Drawings most realistic most realistic receding lines meet at vanishing points receding lines meet at vanishing points one - pointone - point two - pointtwo - point

Perspective Drawings one - point Figure Figure two - point Figure Figure

Detail Views Certain features can not always be clearly shown on construction drawings. Certain features can not always be clearly shown on construction drawings. Require a large scale illustration to show all of the details. Require a large scale illustration to show all of the details. May be placed on the same sheets as the plan or elevation views or on separate sheets. May be placed on the same sheets as the plan or elevation views or on separate sheets.

Detail Views

Topography & Contours Contour Lines identify the ground elevation. Contour Lines identify the ground elevation. All points along a single contour line have the same elevation.All points along a single contour line have the same elevation. The interval between contours can represent any convenient distance. (i.e. 1’, 2’, 5’, etc…)The interval between contours can represent any convenient distance. (i.e. 1’, 2’, 5’, etc…) Topography is the location and elevation of features, consisting of both natural and man-made objects. Topography is the location and elevation of features, consisting of both natural and man-made objects.

Cross Sections Cross sections show the “inside” of a structure, or the elevations of the earth and structures along a station. Cross sections show the “inside” of a structure, or the elevations of the earth and structures along a station. Used heavily in earthworks and highway construction. Used heavily in earthworks and highway construction. Provided for features whose construction is not shown clearly on plan or elevation drawings. Provided for features whose construction is not shown clearly on plan or elevation drawings.

Example of Cross Section

Profiles Profiles are vertical sections through a topographic map that shows the earth’s surface at any location along an alignment. Profiles are vertical sections through a topographic map that shows the earth’s surface at any location along an alignment. Profiles often have a vertical exaggeration in order to show more detail of the surface. Profiles often have a vertical exaggeration in order to show more detail of the surface.

Plot Plans (Site Plans) View from above the property that illustrates location of building on the lot. View from above the property that illustrates location of building on the lot. Lot and block number or addressLot and block number or address Bearing and length of property linesBearing and length of property lines North arrowNorth arrow Dimensions of front, rear and side yards.Dimensions of front, rear and side yards. Location of other accessory buildingsLocation of other accessory buildings Location of walks, drives, fences, etc…Location of walks, drives, fences, etc… Location of Utilities, and easement setbacksLocation of Utilities, and easement setbacks Elevations at various locationsElevations at various locations Etc…Etc…