Elements Section 3

Objectives Use the periodic table to name elements, given their symbols Use a periodic table to write the symbols of elements, given their names Describe the arrangement of the periodic table List the characteristics that distinguish metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

Section 3 Elements Chapter 1 Regions of the Periodic Table

Periodic Law Modern Periodic Table developed my Mendeleev He noticed patterns in elemental properties Arranged them in columns based on similarities Left holes where he thought a new (undiscovered element would fit) Periods – similar sizes (# of layers) big on left, small on right Next row, additional layers (so all are bigger than element above)

Introduction to the Periodic Table The vertical columns of the periodic table are called groups, or families. Each group contains elements with similar chemical properties. The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table are called periods. Physical and chemical properties change somewhat regularly across a period. Section 3 Elements Chapter 1

Types of Elements Metals A metal is an element that is a good electrical conductor and a good heat conductor. Properties of metals most are solids at room temperature malleable - they can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets ductile - they can be drawn into a fine wire conduct electricity and heat well

Types of Elements Gold, copper, and aluminum are metals

Types of Elements Nonmetals A nonmetal is an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. Properties of nonmetals many are gases solids are brittle poor conductors of heat and electricity

Types of Elements Various nonmetal elements (a) carbon, (b) sulfur, (c) phosphorus, and (d) iodine

Types of Elements Metalloids A metalloid is an element that has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals. Properties of metalloids all metalloids are solids at room temperature semiconductors of electricity

Types of Elements Noble Gases elements in Group 18 of the periodic table generally unreactive gases at room temperature

Objectives Use the periodic table to name elements, given their symbols Use a periodic table to write the symbols of elements, given their names Describe the arrangement of the periodic table List the characteristics that distinguish metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided. 1. A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table is called a(n) _______________. 2. The symbol for the element in Period 2, Group 13, is _______________. 3. Elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity are _______________. 4. Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electricity are _______________. 5. A vertical column of elements in the periodic table is called a(n) _______________. 6. The ability of a substance to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets is called _______________. 7. Is an element that is soft and easy to cut cleanly with a knife likely to be a metal or a nonmetal? _______________. 8. The elements in Group 18, which are generally unreactive, are called _______________. 9. At room temperature, most metals are _______________. 10. Name three characteristics of most nonmetals. 11. Name three characteristics of metals. 12. Name three characteristics of most metalloids. 13. Name two characteristics of noble gases.