Immigration #3 Wednesday April 22, 2015

A History of Immigration Review Pre-1880s - no immigration restrictions in the US Chinese Exclusionary Act s-1960s - various quotas and restrictions Ellis Island (NY processes 12 million -mostly European) Angel Island (SF processes 7 million-mostly Asians) 1960s growing problem with illegal immigration 1960s growing problem with illegal immigration Amnesty granted to 3 million illegals Congress debates immigration, stalemates Today 11 million illegal aliens- WHAT SHOULD WE DO

Legal Immigration The total number holds steady around 1 million per year Temporary Workers (100,000 each year) Visa cards function as 3-year passes Refugee Status (severely limited, except in special situations) grants asylum, can apply for Residency in 1 year Residents / Green Card (international limit) grants permanent legal status, Citizenship in 5 years

Illegal Immigration Statistics about 12 million illegals in the US (1 in 25 people) 60% enter the country without authorization 40% enter legally (visa/green card), but overstay / go missing Problems from Illegal Immigration Security (9/11 hijackers were all illegals) Crime (Drug trade) Economy (compete for jobs) Social Programs (illegals strain health, education, job programs)

The Debate The Questions What should be done with Illegals already here? What should be done with Illegals’ families / kids? What should be done to prevent future illegals? Two Opposing Solutions Deportation Path to Citizenship

Deportation Reasons Illegals add strain to the social services and facilities, pay no taxes (partially true: no income tax but……) pay no taxes (partially true: no income tax but……) Illegals often resort to criminal lifestyles for money Illegals often refuse to Americanize / retain “old” ways Actions Hunt down and deport all 12 million illegals Increase raids and fines for businesses hiring illegals

Path to Citizenship Reasons Deportation is costly, impractical, splits families Many illegals would love to pay taxes, help the US Compromise Lessen immigration restrictions, increase admittance More Guest Workers can help illegals stay Agreement that the border must be secured !!!

Current Policy A Secure Border (Obama admin. Increased) The Mexican fence Increased patrols Increased Tracking (manned aircraft/drones- heat seeking). Real ID Act bans drivers’ licenses for illegals Colleges must report about foreign students US Visit program tracks foreign tourists

A RIZONA C ONTROVERSY ARIZONA SB 1070 April 2010 Thursday May 14, 2014 Passed by Republican legislature Signed by Republican governor Jan Brewer KEY PROVISIONS Requires immigrants to have proof of immigration status. Violation = misdemeanor fine/jail Requires police officers to “make reasonable attempt” to determine the immigration status if there is a “reasonable suspicion” that he or she is illegal. Allows police to arrest suspected illegal immigrants without a warrant (Racial Profiling???)

SUPPORTERS Believe will help reduce # of illegal immigrants Constitutional/ will not lead to racial profiling Republicans OPPONENTS Unconstitutional (National Supremacy Clause) Will lead to racial profiling Hispanic/Latino Organizations, A.C.L.U. Democrats

RESPONSES RESPONSES Arizona-like immigration laws proposed in several states but only passed in Tennessee. Arizona-like immigration laws proposed in several states but only passed in Tennessee. Anti Arizona-like immigration laws passed in six states Anti Arizona-like immigration laws passed in six states Pro + Anti rallies across country Pro + Anti rallies across country Boycotts called (Arizona tourism/All Star Baseball game) Boycotts called (Arizona tourism/All Star Baseball game) U.S. v Arizona in the Supreme Court June 2012 U.S. v Arizona in the Supreme Court June Decision (Justice Kagan recused herself) 5-3 Decision (Justice Kagan recused herself) Struck down most of legislation (victory for Obama) Struck down most of legislation (victory for Obama) Nat’l laws supreme / states cannot oppose (NOW???) Nat’l laws supreme / states cannot oppose (NOW???)