History of Painting from Realism to Modernism

Invention of Photography is in 1830 How does this change attitudes to realism? How does photography as a medium affect painting?

Early Photography

Josiah Johnson Hawes and Albert Sands Southworth Early Operation under Ether, Massachusetts General Hospital ca Daguerreotype

Nadar (Gaspard-Félix Tournachon) Eugène Delacroix 1855 gelatin-silver print

Timothy O ’ Sullivan A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July gelatin-silver print

Realism Flourished in France from 1840 – 1900 Sought to portray “real life” rather than the idealized views of the wealthy Based on direct observation of the modern world Also coincided with the theories of Karl Marx, who sought equality for the working class

Gustave Courbet The Stone Breakers 1849 oil on canvas 5 ft. 3 in. x 8 ft. 6 in.

Gustave Courbet Burial at Ornans 1849 oil on canvas 10 ft. x 22 ft.

Édouard Manet Olympia 1863 oil on canvas 4 ft. 3 in. x 6 ft. 3 in.

Titian Venus of Urbino 1538 oil on canvas 4 ft. x 5 ft. 6 in.

Academic Art - So named because it flourished in the art academies of Europe - The most popular painting style for centuries - Highly polished and idealized

Adolphe-William Bouguereau Nymphs and Satyr 1873 oil on canvas 8 ft. 6 in. high

Jean-Léon Gérôme Police Verso 1872 oil on canvas x cm

Paul Peel, After the Bath 1890

Impressionism In 1874, a group of artists called the Anonymous Society of Painters, Sculptors, Printmakers, etc. organized an exhibition in Paris that launched the movement called Impressionism. -Short quick brushstrokes; pure, unblended colours -Shadows often rendered in colour rather than black or grey -Use of “shocking” colours -Often depicted midlle-class activities, scenes of urban life, new forms of leisure -Also showed modernization of landscape (railways and factories) -Centred in Paris

Claude Monet Impression: Sunrise 1872 oil on canvas 1 ft. 7 1/2 in. x 2 ft. 1 1/2 in.

Camille Pissarro Snow Effect at Eragny, Road to Gisors 1885 oil on canvas 33 x 41cm

Claude Monet Saint-Lazare Train Station 1877 oil on canvas 2 ft. 5 3/4 in. x 3 ft. 5 in.

Gustave Caillebotte Paris: A Rainy Day 1877 oil on canvas approximately 6 ft. 9 in. x 9 ft. 9 in.

Camille Pissarro La Place du Théâtre Français 1898 oil on canvas 2 ft. 4 1/2 in. x 3 ft. 1/2 in.

Pierre-Auguste Renoir Le Moulin de la Galette 1876 oil on canvas 4 ft. 3 in. x 5 ft. 8 in.

Paul Gauguin Martinique Landscape 1887 oil on canvas

Édouard Manet A Bar at the Folies-Bergère 1882 oil on canvas 3 ft. 1 in. x 4 ft. 3 in.

Edgar Degas Ballet Rehearsal 1874 oil on canvas 1 ft. 11 in. x 2 ft. 9 in.

Edgar Degas Little Fourteen-Year-Old Dancer bronze, paint, tulle, satin, wood

Edgar Degas L ’ absinthe 1876 oil on canvas 36 1/4 x 26 3/4 in.

Berthe Morisot Villa at the Seaside 1874 oil on canvas 1 ft. 7 3/4 in. x 2 ft. 1/8 in.

Claude Monet Rouen Cathedral: The Portal (in Sun) 1894 oil on canvas 3 ft. 3 1/4 in. x 2 ft. 1 7/8 in.

Claude Monet Rouen Cathedral: The Portal oil on canvas each approximately 3 ft. 3 1/4 in. x 2 ft. 1 7/8 in.

Edgar Degas The Tub 1886 pastel 1 ft. 11 1/2 in. x 2 ft. 8 3/8 in.

Mary Cassatt Little Girl in a Blue Armchair 1878 oil on canvas 35 x 51 in.

Mary Cassatt The Bath ca oil on canvas 3 ft. 3 in. x 2 ft. 2 in.

Post-Impressionism Wanted to incorporate not only impressions of what they saw around them, but also to develop a unique artistic language to express emotion Often more abstracted than impressionist paintings Most important artists are Vincent Van Gogh, Georges Seurat, Paul Gauguin, Paul Cezanne Independent artists who followed diverse and unique paths

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec At the Moulin Rouge oil in canvas 4 ft. x 4 ft. 7 in.

Vincent van Gogh The Night Café 1888 oil on canvas 2 ft. 4 1/2 in. x 3 ft.

Vincent van Gogh Starry Night 1889 oil on canvas 2 ft. 5 in. x 3 ft. 1/4 in.

Vincent van Gogh Starry Night 1889 oil on canvas 2 ft. 5 in. x 3 ft. 1/4 in.

Paul Gauguin The Vision after the Sermon 1888 oil on canvas 2 ft. 4 3/4 in. x 3 ft. 1/2 in.

Paul Cézanne The Basket of Apples ca oil on canvas 2 ft. 3/8 in. x 2 ft. 7 in.

Mount Sainte Victoire

Paul Cézanne Mount Sainte Victoire 1885 oil on canvas

Paul Cézanne Mount Sainte Victoire 1897 oil on canvas

Paul Cézanne Mount Sainte-Victoire oil on canvas 2 ft. 3 1/2 in. x 2 ft. 11 1/4 in.

Georges Seurat A Sunday on La Grande Jatte oil on canvas 6 ft. 9 in. x 10 ft.

Georges Seurat A Sunday on La Grande Jatte oil on canvas 6 ft. 9 in. x 10 ft.