First Responder Awareness Level Training 29CFR1910.120 (q) CCR 8 5192 UNIT 1 - “Preparation” 1 1

Unit Objectives Identify OSHA and EPA training requirements Public Safety - Duty to Act Identify the role of the Awareness Level First Responder Reference Materials 5 levels of response training 2 levels of operation Requirements and roles are defined under EPA; Code of Federal Regulations CFR 40 and the California Code of Regulations Title 22. 1910.120 2 2

Hazardous Material Agencies Defined in numerous ways U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Simplified Definition DOT protects and regulates the movement of hazardous materials on our roadways/railways and thus protects our communities, and environment. EPA protects our environment OSHA protects the worker 3 3

Hazardous Materials Incidents “Haz-Mat” incidents are unique incidents. They require specialized protective measures not normally available to first responders AND they demand a different operational approach! I many cases the term “Time is of the Essence” is applied to emergency situations. That does not apply to chemical spill incidents in most cases. Ask: Can anyone give me an instance where time is of the essence with regards to a chemical spill response? Answer: Life threatening incidents 4 4

Public Safety “Duty to Act” Public safety responders have a “Duty to Act”. Your level of involvement is defined by your employer’s Emergency Response Plan (ERP). The actions you are expected to take should be in Standard Operating Procedure format. NEVER exceed your level of training and protection! Always remember to Never Exceed Your Level of training while responding to an incident, be it chemical spill, medical emergency or fire. Does anyone know if this site has a 1. Emergency Response or Action Plan? 2. Are there SOP’s within the plan that define your role or duties during emergency incidents? 6 6

First responders at the awareness level are individuals who are likely to witness or discover a hazardous substance release and who have been trained to initiate an emergency response sequence by notifying the proper authorities of the release. They would take no further action beyond notifying the authorities of the release.

1. An understanding of what hazardous substances are, and the risks associated with them in an incident. 2. An understanding of the potential outcomes associated with an emergency created when hazardous substances are present. 3. The ability to recognize the presence of hazardous substances in an emergency. 4. The ability to identify the hazardous substances, if possible. 5. An understanding of the role of the first responder awareness individual in the employer's emergency response plan (including site security and control), and the U. S. Department of Transportation's Emergency Response Guidebook. 6. The ability to realize the need for additional resources, and to make appropriate notifications to the communication center.

First responders at the operations level are individuals who respond to releases or potential releases of hazardous substances as part of the initial response to the site for the purpose of protecting nearby persons, property, or the environment from the effects of the release. They are trained to respond in a defensive fashion without actually trying to stop the release. Their function is to contain the release from a safe distance, keep it from spreading, and prevent exposures.

1. Knowledge of the basic hazard and risk assessment techniques. 2. Know how to select and use proper PPE provided to the first responder operational level. 3. An understanding of basic hazardous materials terms. 4. Know how to perform basic control, containment, and/or confinement operations and rescue injured or contaminated persons within the capabilities of the resources and PPE available with their unit. 5. Know how to implement basic equipment, victim, and rescue personnel decontamination procedures. 6. An understanding of the relevant standard operating procedures and termination procedures

Awareness Level Response Goals 1. Recognition 2. Isolation 3. Protect 4. Notify R ecognize (Identify and record) the hazards I solate the parameter area P rotect People and the Environment by denying entry into the area N otify your ER coordinator or Supervisor about the incident 7 7

Five Levels of Training First Responder Awareness Level First Responder Operational Level Hazardous Materials Technician Hazardous Materials Specialist Hazardous Materials Incident Commander From the top you can see why Awareness is one of the most import level of training. Without it difficulty will arise for the other levels or response. The information is very valuable to all team members. 11 11

Operational Modes Awareness and Operational level responders take DEFENSIVE actions. Technicians and Specialists take OFFENSIVE actions. The Incident Commander coordinates the response and is ultimately responsible for safety. Ask: What is one of the first things a First Responder Awareness level should do If you come upon a hazardous chemical spill? Do you enter the spill area? DO NOT ENTER THE SPILL AREA 12 12

First Responder Awareness Level Training Unit 2 - “Hazard Identification” 1

Unit 2 - Hazard Identification Unit Objectives: - Identify the six clues to the presence of hazardous materials. - Identify the various hazard classes of hazardous materials. - Describe ways in which you can determine the specific identity of a hazardous material. Read the slide 2

Remember your four goals! 1. Recognition 2. Isolation 3. Protection 4. Notification Next: 1.RECOGNIZE the potential hazardous chemicals and record. 2.ISOLATE the spill area and deny entry. 3.PROTECT PEOPLE and the ENVIRONMENT 4.NOTIFY your supervisor or ER Coordinator. RIP’N is a good way to remember these important steps. 3

Six Basic Clues to Recognition 1 - Occupancy and location 2 - Container shape and size 3 - Placards and labels 4 - Shipping papers/facility documents 5 - Markings and colors 6 - Human senses We will attempt to cover some of the more basic Recognition tools used by 1st Responders. 4

Clue # 1 - Occupancy and Location Specific occupancy or general area Fixed facilities Five modes of hazardous materials transportation Rail, air, marine, highway and pipeline Observe the location; from a safe distance using binoculars or a camera if possible. Note if the occupants are; overcome by vapors, chemical burns, etc. Try and assist them from the area, “IF” you can do so without endangering your own life. Call 911 if someone is down and in need of medical assistance. Take note of the building number and room number and the type of activities inside of the room or building and if a vehicle is involved. 5

Clue # 2 - Container Shape and Size Classifications Portable, fixed or transportation Pressure Non-pressurized, low or high pressure Vapor Pressure and Storage The higher the pressure, the greater the potential for catastrophic failure Stay upwind of the site at a safe distance. If containers are on site, use binoculars or telephoto lens to read the labels and/or stenciling on the containers. Note the color and the condition of the container (s) and the material the container is constructed of such as plastic, glass, cardboard, etc. and the estimated size, i.e. 8oz bottle., 5 gal bucket, 55 gal drum, or pressurized containers, etc. 6

Break Time

Clue # 3 - Placards and Labels Placards and labels used for transport are based upon DOT Hazard Class Nine Hazard Classes Subdivided into divisions Refer to the DOT - ERG You may see these attached to vehicles transporting chemicals onto your site. Has anyone ever seen a placarded vehicle? Do you remember what type of placard? 7

Hazard Class 1 - Explosives Subdivided into 6 divisions 1.1 - Mass explosion hazard 1.2 - Projectile hazard 1.3 - Fire, minor blast or projectile 1.4 - Minor explosion 1.5 - Very insensitive explosives 1.6 - Extremely insensitive - explosive like dynamite 8

Hazard Class 2 - Gases Pressurized or liquefied Compressed nitrogen and liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) are examples Product and container present hazards Three Subdivisions 2.1 - Flammable gases 2.2 - Non-Flammable, Non-Poisonous 2.3 - Poisonous Gases These are more common and your may have them at some of your installations here. Has anyone seen these? - gas like propane, 9

Hazard Class 3 - Flammable/Combustible Liquids Flammable Liquids can be ignited at room temperature Combustible Liquids require some degree of pre-heating to ignite Number 1 rule - eliminate ignition sources flammable/combustible like gasoline 10

Hazard Class 4 - Flammable Solids Three subdivisions 4.1 - Flammable Solids 4.2 - Spontaneously Combustible 4.3 - Dangerous when wet Dangerous When Wet: Know as Pyrofouric. 11

Hazard Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides Oxidizers release oxygen to enhance or intensify burn With strong fuels, oxidizers can create conditions which which can lead to violent combustion Many Organic Peroxides are very unstable You will see warning labels on these chemicals requesting them to be keep in a cool place or refrigerated. Other oxidizer like chlorine and iodine 12

Hazard Class 6 - Poisonous and Infectious Substances Poisonous to human Can include severely irritating substances “Tear Gas”, Hydrocyanic acid, Carbon Tetrachloride Infectious Substances Potential to cause diseases in humans Anthrax, human blood and many body fluids Often you will see the poison label on small laboratory chemical containers. That red symbol is for Biohazard materials and waste. poison like cyanide and arsenic 13

Hazard Class 7 - Radioactive Materials Ionizing radiation hazard Exposure does not always result in contamination Safety Rules: Time, Distance and Shielding Shipped in specialized containers Time weighted exposures are related to most Rad hazards. 14

Hazard Class 8 - Corrosives This includes acids and strong base solutions like nitric acid and household bleach. 15

Hazard Class 9 - Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials ORM A - Dry Ice ORM B - Metallic mercury ORM C - Battery parts ORM D - Consumer commodities ORM E - Hazardous substances and hazardous wastes Other Regulated Materials 16

Pesticide Labels Product name Active ingredients Signal word Caution Warning Danger (Poison) Precautionary statements A case where you see the poison label on a bottle 17

Clue # 4 - Shipping Papers and Facility Documents In most cases you will only interact with the Bill of Ladding from a truck or van driver. But these are the names of the other modes of transportation of chemicals. 18

Clue # 5 - Markings and Colors Container colors are not always standardized UN/NA identification numbers NFPA 704 Diamond Military markings This part of the presentation can be complicated at times. I will try and keep this simple as possible. 20

What you need to Remember on the NFPA label is the color code: Blue is for health hazard Red is for Fire hazard Yellow is for Reactivity And White is for Other hazards, in this instance the chemical inside this container is “Water Reactive”. The rating scale is from zero to 4, 4 being the most hazardous. As a rule of thumb, I’ve been told by several firemen that anything above 2 is a potential for major problems and they will proceed at a very slow pace. You can see from this label, this is a seriously hazardous chemical. It may be raw sodium. 21

Clue # 6 - Human Senses TASTE TOUCH SMELL SIGHT SOUND RISK LEVEL High Hazardous materials: Remember that when using Human Senses to identify, you are also opening a pathway to exposure: Low 22

Pathways to Exposure Pathways – Hazardous substances can enter the body in different ways: 1. Inhalation – dust, vapors, mist. 2. Absorption (via skin or eyes) – contact with skin. 3. Ingestion – contaminated drinking water or food. 4. Injection – cuts or punctures of the skin Review: Ask has anyone ever been exposed to a chemical?

Methods of Identification Once you recognize, try to identify Location of material name Shipping papers MSDSs (fixed facilities) Facility Pre-Plans Employees and bystanders If you cannot safely identify, try to classify the material into a hazard class Interview bystanders, they will help you with the missing pieces to the puzzle. 23

First Responder Awareness Level Training Unit 3 - “Taking Control” 1 1

Objectives Identify the technical resources available to your ERT. Identify the procedures for initiating your Emergency Response Plan = (R.I.P.) for Awareness level responders. Purchase one or more of the resource materials Know what your options are: In your ERP what are SOP’s Recognize - identify Isolate – establish the perimeter Protect – people and the environment 2 2

Steps for Using ER chemical reference materials Recognize & Identify Hazardous Materials Name (chemical name on container) – Placard (on drum, tank, or building). Isolate and evacuate according to protective action distances in the chemical reference GB. Protect others from entering spill area. Notify your supervisor about the incident - Recognize - identify Isolate – establish the perimeter Protect – people and the environment Notify – your supervisor about the incident 4 4

Protective Action Options Shelter in-place Short duration incidents Greater hazard to attempt to move Impractical to evacuate Evacuation Potential for massive fire or explosion Long duration incidents If a vapor cloud is approaching a building, and evacuation would endanger those leaving the building. Shut down HVAC, and close all windows and doors. 8 8

Stepping Into Operations Territory Doing more than reporting Defending property and life with out controlling the release Controlling the exposure from a distance

Bulk Spill Clean-up Materials

Mercury Clean-up Kit & Chemical Specific Neutralizing Agents

Spill Response Kits Available

Laboratory Spill Clean-up Kits

Disposal of Spilled Materials Use proper Personal Protective Equipment when handling waste materials Use proper disposal receptacle's when disposing of waste materials Include contaminated PPE as waste, or properly decontaminate if PPE is reusable If hazardous chemicals are being disposed utilize proper hazardous waste labels Find appropriate waste vendor to haul hazardous waste

POMS & ASSOCIATES and VSCCFA Thank You for your time!