Basics of EPC Training

2 Introduction Objectives: -Create awareness of the concepts -Develop technical knowledge -Show benefits of implementation -Explain 5 steps of Implementation

3 Programme Introduction What is EPC? Benefits of the EPC Applications Technical Information Implementation

4 What is EPC?

5 What is EPC? EPC is one of GS1 Products

6 What is EPC? GS1 Solutions: GS1 TRACEABILITY

7 What is EPC? GS1 Solutions: Patient Safety & Healthcare

8 The EPC Concepts

9 The Basic Needs of the Supply Chain Exchange Capture Identify

10 The EPC Concepts Basic needs: identification

11 The EPC Concepts Basic needs: Data Capture

12 The EPC Concepts Basic needs: Data Exchange

13 The EPC Concepts Solution to the basic needs:

14 The EPC Concepts Solution to identification EPC = Electronic Product Code. The EPC identifies each single item.

15 The EPC Concepts Solution to DATA CAPTURE The EPC, is captured using RFID RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION

16 The EPC Concepts Solution to Data Exchange EPC is a System that allows the trading partners to capture and share information about the items in an automated way. EPCglobal Network provides real-time information about each item.

17 EPCGlobal Inc. / Standards The development process of the standards starts with gathering user requirements. The standards are then developed based on these user requirements, by technical experts from solution providers. These will be open standards.

18 Summary This topic presented the three major concepts of identification, data capture and data exchange and how EPCglobal Inc has provided solutions to these key questions: - the Electronic Product Code (EPC) to identify items - RFID to capture information - the EPCglobal Network to exchange data This topic presented the three major concepts of identification, data capture and data exchange and how EPCglobal Inc has provided solutions to these key questions: - the Electronic Product Code (EPC) to identify items - RFID to capture information - the EPCglobal Network to exchange data

19 Identification Keys

20 Definition GS1 Identification Keys provide access to database information relevant to trading partners. Objectives A single, open, business led, integrated system of identification for effective supply chain management in any company, in any industry, anywhere in the world. Relevant and applicable to any supply chain, independent of who assigns, receives, and processes them. Enable only one way to achieve a given, global, identification requirement. Fixed attributes (master data) of an item or service should be looked up from a database by entering GS1 identification key. GS1 Identification Keys GS1 Keys (GTIN, GLN, EPC, SSCC, GRAI, GIAI, GSRN & GDTI )

21 What do GS1 identification keys identify? Trade items: Any item (product or service) upon which there is a need to retrieve pre- defined information and that may be priced or ordered or invoiced at any point in the supply chain Logistic units: An item of any composition established for transport and/or storage which needs to be managed though the supply chain

22 Locations: Physical or legal entities requiring a permanent identification (company, department, warehouse,...). Assets, Service Relationships, Coupons, …. (similar principles apply) What do GS1 identification keys identify?

23 Trade Items

24 GTIN is a GS1 Identification Key GTIN provides access to information held in computer files Unique Non-significant numbering structure International Secure Foundational

25 Allocating the Numbers It is the responsibility of GS1 Member Organisations to administer number allocation and set the rules in their territory. THESE RULES MUST COMPLY WITH THE GS1 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

26 N 2 N 3 N 4 N 5 N 6 N 7 N 8 N 9 N 10 N 11 N 12 N 13 GTIN of the items contained (without check digit) GTIN-14 data structure GTIN-13 data structure N 1 N 2 N 3 N 4 N 5 N 6 N 7 N 8 N 9 N 10 N 11 N 12 GS1 Company Prefix Item reference N 13 Global Trade Item Numbers (GTIN) N 1 N 14 Check Digit Indicator

27 Company numberItem number C C P 1 P 2 P 3 M 1 M 2 M 3 M 4 M 5 I 1 I 2 I 3 I 4 C C P 1 P 2 P 3 M 1 M 2 M 3 M 4 M 5 M 6 I 1 I 2 I 3 C C P 1 P 2 M 1 M 2 M 3 M 4 M 5 M 6 M 7 I 1 I 2 I 3 Allocating GTINs … Using GTIN-13 Data Structure: The exact structure is left to the discretion of every Member Organisation. The main methods are : Check Digit GS1 Prefix

28 N 1 N 2 N 3 N 4 N 5 N 6 N 7 N 8 N 9 N 10 N 11 GS1 Company Prefix Item reference N 12 N 1 N 2 N 3 N 4 N 5 N 6 N 7 GTIN-8 Prefix N8N8 N8N8 Item reference GTIN-12 data structure GTIN-8 data structure Global Trade Item Numbers (GTIN) Check Digit

29 KODABAR 1 product = 1 GTIN KODABAR

30 KODABAR 1 GTIN = 1 product

31 Product identification

Product ID Article Number Colour number Fabric number Fabric number 1 = leather 2 = vinyl 3 = fabric Color number 01 = black 02 = burgundy 03 = blue 04 = white Leather-goods department Accessories department Significant numbering Strongly not advisable

33 Locations: GLN – Global Location Number The GLN can be used to identify: physical locations and legal entities where there is a need to retrieve pre-defined information Global Location Numbers are a prerequisite for GS1 eCOM message or to access Global Data Synchronisation Network. The GLN is constructed as:

34 Logistic units: SSCC – Serial Shipping Container Code GS1 Identification Key for an item of any composition established for transport and/or storage which needs to be managed through the supply chain. Assigned for the life time of the transport item Mandatory element on the GS1 Logistic Label using Application Identifier (00) The SSCC is constructed as:

35 GRAI, GIAI, GSRN, …: Users need a GS1 Company Prefix to generate any GS1 Identification Key The assigned GS1 Company Prefix gives users access to all GS1 Identification Numbers The Other GS1 Identification Keys

36 Summary of GS1 Identification Keys Once assigned GS1 Identification Keys are GLOBAL and acceptable everywhere

37 What is the Electronic Product Code?

38 What is the Electronic Product Code? UNIQUE ITEM IDENTIFIER POINTER TO INFORMATION

39 What is the Electronic Product Code? © Jean-Pierre Attal Trade Item A Trade Item A

40 What is the Electronic Product Code?

41 What is the Electronic Product Code?

42 What is the Electronic Product Code? The EPCglobal Network

43 Summary What is the EPC? EPC Unique Identifier EPC pointer to information EPC and EPCglobal Network serial level identification What is the EPC? EPC Unique Identifier EPC pointer to information EPC and EPCglobal Network serial level identification

44 The Secrets of RFID Why was RFID developed? How does RFID work? Compare RFID with other technologies

45 The Secrets of RFID Friend ? Foe?

46 The Secrets of RFID R.F.ID. = Radio Frequency IDentification

47 The Secrets of RFID 1. The reader sends energy and data in the form of radio waves to the tag; 2. The tag transmits its identity back; 3. The reader receives and decodes.

48 The Secrets of RFID

49 The Secrets of RFID RFID Tag components:

50 The Secrets of RFID Components of a reader: -Module (transmit /receive) -Control Unit -Antenna

51 The Secrets of RFID Summary: RFID reader and tag work together to transmit information Components of the tag Components of the reader Summary: RFID reader and tag work together to transmit information Components of the tag Components of the reader

52 Summary What is EPC? - Summary: EPC is the Code for Identification RFID for Data Capture EPCglobal Network for data exchange What is EPC? - Summary: EPC is the Code for Identification RFID for Data Capture EPCglobal Network for data exchange

53 Benefits of EPC Applications

54 Benefits of EPC Applications EPC applications are built upon RFID technology. RFID has multiple advantages such as: No line of sight required Multiple object read simultaneously Capture of product information at low cost

55 Benefits of EPC Applications RFID requires no line of sight between the reader and the tag(s) Scanning Bar CodesScanning EPC Tags © Jean-Pierre Attal

56 Benefits of EPC Applications RFID readers can capture up to several hundreds of tags per second. © Microsoft

57 Benefits of EPC Applications EPC enables the capture of a lot of information at low cost. © Jean-Pierre Attal

58 Summary This topic explained the benefits RFID brings to data capture: - No requirement for positioning of tags in front or close to the reader; - Simultaneous reads; - Lot of simultaneous reads. This topic explained the benefits RFID brings to data capture: - No requirement for positioning of tags in front or close to the reader; - Simultaneous reads; - Lot of simultaneous reads.

59 RFID EPC standard coding scheme standard coding schemes compatibility with current GS1 coding schemes

60 RFID EPC standard coding scheme © Jean-Pierre Attal Trade Item A Trade Item A

61 RFID EPC standard coding scheme GS1 codes such as serialised GTINs, SSCCs, can be embedded in EPCs : No migration to a new coding scheme necessary.

62 Summary RFID EPC standard coding scheme Standard coding scheme Guarantees the uniqueness of codes allocated by a company Existing GS1 codes can be re-used

63 EPCglobal Network with RFID

64 EPCglobal Network with RFID Anti- Counterfeiting Applications Track & Trace Product Recall EPC and RFID

65 EPCglobal Network with RFID Tracking: the ability to know where an item is located. Tracing: the ability to know the history of an item.

66 EPCglobal Network with RFID

67 EPCglobal Network with RFID Product recall products in the supply chain cannot be consumed because of errors during production, storage, or even transport. They have to be returned to the retailer or manufacturer

68 EPCglobal Network with RFID Anti-counterfeiting applications Counterfeits are products that have been copied illegally without manufacturer's knowledge and approval. The EPCglobal Network combined with RFID gives the possibility to inquire about the origin of products. Moreover, counterfeited products do not have EPCs or have invalid EPCs or EPCs that are duplicates of authentic products.

69 EPCglobal Network with RFID New applications The management of books in a bookshop. Each book is equipped with an EPC tag. Tags are read and the location of books can be provided. This provides a better service to the consumer.

70 Summary: EPCglobal Network with RFID Are tools to set efficient systems for applications such as: - Track and trace - Product recall - Anticounterfeiting - New applications

71 Summary Benefits of EPC Applications Easy and efficient operations Uniqueness of codes Track and trace, product recall, anticounterfeiting Benefits to the end consumer

72 Consumer Benefits Track retail trade items Fight counterfeiting Higher levels of food safety, produce freshness and product safety in general

73 Consumer Benefits Better information Better after-sales services Improved shopping experience Improved availability of products Customer service Improve the supply chain efficiency Instrumental in reducing waste and energy consumption

74 Technical information EPC number Explain the structure of the code Explain every part of the structure and who is responsible for the different parts

75 Technical Information EPC Building Blocks

76 Technical Information

77 Technical Information

78 Technical Information

79 Technical Information

80 Technical Information

81 Summary EPC number EPC is composed of two building blocks Defined by EPCglobal: type of code and EPC manager number Assigned by the user company: code of the class (type) of items and serialized number

82 Technical Information – RFID Tags RFID TAGS Explain the tag and its parts Explain 3 different kinds of tags and their usage

83 Technical Information – RFID Tags

84 Technical Information – RFID Tags Three kinds of tags - Passive tags; - Semi-passive tags; - Active tags.

85 Technical Information – RFID Tags Passive Tag

86 Technical Information – RFID Tags Semi-Passive Tag

87 Technical Information – RFID Tags Active Tag

88 Technical Information – RFID Tags

89 SUMMARY RFID tags Antenna has to be chosen based on the intended usage of the tag and the read range of the application Three types of tags

90 Technical Information – Readers Readers Reader and its elements Different types of readers depending on the usage

91 Technical Information – Readers

92 Technical Information – Readers The following criteria will have an impact on your choice: the placement of the antenna; number of items to be read simultaneously; product type to be read (boxes, pallets, individual items).

93 SUMMARY Readers Different components of a reader Critical element of a reader: antenna

94 Technical Information – Frequencies Frequencies Study the frequency component of RFID

95 Technical Information – Frequencies

96 Technical Information – Frequencies

97 Technical Information – Frequencies

98 REGION 1 REGION 3 REGION 2 Frequencies are assigned at global level by ITU, the International Telecommunication Union Technical Information – Frequencies

99 SUMMARY Frequencies 3 different bands are available for RFID Frequencies are allocated at global level by ITU

100 Technical Information – EPCglobal Network EPCglobal Network The three most important and most visible elements

101 Technical Information – EPCglobal Network

102 Technical Information – EPCglobal Network Application Level Events A standard interface to filter the collected data from the tag

103 Technical Information – EPCglobal Network EPCIS To manage the storage and exchange of information between the trading partners: Product data Quantity information Transaction event

104 Technical Information – EPCglobal Network Discovery Services Enable users to find data related to a specific EPC Returns links to the EPCIS services (or other places) where the data is stored Make it possible for companies to retrieve information on all the events of a specific item

105 SUMMARY EPCglobal Network 3 major components of the EPCglobal Network: ALE EPCIS Discovery Services

106 Technical Information - Summary This chapter explained in more detail the technical aspects of EPCglobal applications: - How the EPCs are created; - The importance of the antenna for tags and readers; - Why frequencies have to be taken into account; - The key components of the EPCglobal Network (ALE, EPCIS and Discovery Services) and how they interact.

107 Implementation - How to lead an EPC project How to lead an EPC project Different steps to implementation

108 Implementation - How to lead an EPC project Different reasons to implement : Efficiency Customer mandate Legislation

109 Implementation - How to lead an EPC project Five steps of an EPC Project: Investigate Experiment Trial Pilot Deploy

110 Implementation - How to lead an EPC project Investigation step The purpose of the investigation step is to develop the RFID/EPC knowledge. The investigation step comprises 4 actions to be taken. In the next screens we will explain these steps.

111 Implementation - How to lead an EPC project Investigation step Learn the technology Understand the business drivers Secure sponsorship and funding Identify the relevant use cases Learn about the available resources

112 Implementation - How to lead an EPC project Experiment step Understand the technology and information flow Identify baseline work process and key measurements or Key Performance Indicators Conduct tag placement analysis Identify technology partners and test products

113 Implementation - How to lead an EPC project Trial step Define and map the supply chain processes and examine process and environmental related issues Document EPC/RFID impacts to business processes and define testing success criteria EPC system/data architecture and the EPC numbering scheme and obtain EPC manager numbers Identify cost drivers and develop communication plan

114 Implementation - How to lead an EPC project Pilot step Verify the adoption strategy and cost items Decide which EPC reading to be added Analyse the in-process data and validate performance Coordinate testing with trading partners

115 Implementation - How to lead an EPC project Deploy step Develop a scoreboard of metrics Measure and track improvements Refine business cases Collaborate on process and data flow improvement

116 SUMMARY Implementing an EPC project Investigate Experiment Trial Pilot Deploy

117 Implementation – Examples of Projects Examples of projects Baggage Food traceability High value products Healthcare

118 Implementation - Examples of Projects Hong Kong international airport System to tag and read tags on luggage. 17 million items are tagged yearly. The primary objectives: -improve operational efficiency -improve customer service. On average, a lost bag costs $ 100. Currently 2 per cent of all baggage is lost each year. The system directs the right piece of luggage to the right direction automatically instead of manually. A RFID label is attached to the regular baggage label and is read on conveyor lines.

119 Implementation - Examples of Projects Food traceability The Ministry of Agriculture in Japan has developed a project to tag fruit and vegetables. Primary objectives: - to ascertain the country of origin of the products - to trace the items that are coming from contaminated regions.

120 Implementation - Examples of Projects High Value Products

121 Implementation - Examples of Projects Healthcare drugs are tagged in order to prevent counterfeiting

122 SUMMARY Examples of projects 4 implementation cases of RFID 4 different sectors

123 Implementation the steps that user companies follow to conduct an EPC project 4 successful RFID projects for several different applications