Atoms Inside The Atom

Atoms Atoms are the smallest particles of all matter. Matter is anything that takes up space and volume. Atoms consists of 3 subatomic particles with different charges. Protons are positive Neutrons are neutral (no charge) Electrons are negative

Scientist and The Atom The idea of atoms didn’t appear over night. It has evolved as scientist conduct new experiments with new technology. Three very important scientist have helped build the idea of the atoms and what they look like. John Dalton, J.J. Thompson and Rutherford

John Dalton John Dalton (1844), an English school teacher, chemist, meteorologist and physicist. Modern Atomic Theory Matter is made up of atoms Atoms cannot be divided into smaller pieces All the atoms of an element are exactly alike Different elements are made of different kinds of atom.

J.J. Thomson J.J. Thomson, an English physicist, in 1897 created some test to figure out what an atom He discovered the electron based on his experiments and research. The electron is the negative charge particle that surrounds the nucleus.

Ernest Rutherford Ernest Rutherford created experiments to learn what the atom looked like a couple of years later. He discovered that the atom had a nucleus. The nucleus of the atom is where the proton and neutron are located.

Atoms, matter and elements Atoms have different parts. The center of the atom is called the nucleus. Located in the center are protons and neutrons. Surrounding the nucleus are electrons.

Models of the atom A model is a small version of something larger Electrons Neutrons and Protons Electron “cloud” nucleus

John Daltons Model of the Atom He thought an atom looked like a hard sphere that was the same through out, like a tiny marble.

J.J. Thomson’s Model of the Atom Thomson revised Dalton’s model and believed the atom was a sphere with evenly spread negative and positive charges.

Electron Cloud Model Few years later, a new model was created. The electron cloud model is the current model of the atom. Electron cloud is a region surrounding the nucleus in which electrons travel in. It contains a nucleus at the center with a electron cloud surrounding it. Electron Cloud

Atoms create Elements Atoms of the same kind create elements. The different numbers of protons, neutrons and electron specify the type of element it creates. In order to organize all the elements the periodic table was created.

Periodic Table Different elements have different kinds of atoms with different atomic numbers. Dmitri Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of their atomic number from smallest to largest in what is now known as the Periodic Table of Elements.

Periodic Table

Atomic Mass and Mass Number Atoms have an atomic number and a mass number. The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons found in the nucleus. The # of protons usually equals the # of electrons in an atom The mass number is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons found in the nucleus of an atom.

Atomic mass and Mass number Atomic mass Helium atom Is the number Of protons in The nucleus of An atom. Mass number is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Electrons Electrons Protons

Helium Atom in The Periodic Table 2 HE Helium 4.002 Atomic Number Symbol Full Name Mass Number

Beginning with the smallest number and ending with the largest number. Periodic Table Each element is arrange in the periodic table by the number of protons it contains in its nucleus. Beginning with the smallest number and ending with the largest number. Hydrogen has 1 proton. Ununoctium has 118 protons.

Take out a sheet of paper THIS IS TO TURN IN! Please write the FULL name of the element, what the atomic number is, the atomic mass is and how many protons in the nucleus for: H, HE, Mn, Kr, Au, Ag, Xe, K, Na, Ne

Classification of elements Metals: Usually shinny Good conductors of electricity Nearly all solid at room temperature Malleable (bent easily) Ductile (pulled into wires without breaking)

Nonmetals Usually dull in appearance Poor conductors of electricity Many are gasses Solids break easily and cannot change shape easily Except for hydrogen all are found on the right side of the periodic table

Metalloids Have characteristics of nonmetals and metals Not as good conductors as metals but better than non-metals All are solids

Most atoms have the same number of protons, neutrons and electrons. Helium has 2 proton, 2 neutron and 2 electron. However some atoms don’t have the same number of protons, neutrons or electrons. These atoms are called isotopes and ions.

Isotopes An isotope is an atom of an element that has the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. An isotope is a heavier atom. Not all elements have isotopes.

Carbon Carbon is an element that has different isotopes. This means that all of carbon’s atoms have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. This results in heavier and lighter versions of the element carbon.

Carbon Isotopes Carbon 11 has 5 neutrons and 6 protons. Carbon 12 has 6 neutrons and 6 protons. Carbon 13 has 7 neutrons and 6 protons. Carbon 14 has 8 neutrons and 6 protons.

Ions An ion is an atom that does not have the same number of protons and electron. This gives that atom a negative or positive overall charge because of the unbalance number.

Ions When an atom has more protons that electrons it has a positive charge because protons are positive. When an atom has more electrons that protons it has a negative charge because electrons are negative.

How an atom becomes an ION An atom becomes an ion when it loses or gains an electron or a proton. This process can occur when the atoms transfer electrons or protons to create new substances.

Chemical Bonding Atoms are the smallest pieces of all matter. When atoms bond together they form new substances and create complex things. Things like water and table salt exist because atoms of two different elements bonded together.

Most atoms will have the same number of protons and electrons. Bonding Atoms bond when the outer electrons, called valence electrons, are shared or when they lose electrons. Most atoms will have the same number of protons and electrons. Helium has an atomic number of 2 (2 protons) Helium has the same number of electrons, 2. The valence electron is the outer electron in the Helium atom.

There are different types of bonding. Chemical Bonds There are different types of bonding. Covalent bonds Ionic bonds Metallic bond Non metallic bond

Covalent bond A covalent bond is when atoms share electrons from their outer shell (orbit) These bonds are considered strong bonds and create molecules. H2O is 2 hydrogen atoms bonded to 1 oxygen atom by it’s electrons, this creates water.

Ionic bond Ionic bond refers to the bonding between a metal and a metaloid ion. This type of bond loses electrons instead of sharing electrons. Ex. Metal reacts with oxygen To create rust.

Review! Atomic mass Helium atom Is the number Of protons in The nucleus of An atom. Mass number is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Electrons Electrons Protons

Review! Atomic Structure Protons and Neutrons are located in the nucleus. The nucleus is the center of the atom. Electrons surround the center in the electron cloud. The electron cloud is a series of orbits with different number of electrons depending on the atom.

Atomic Structure review Atomic structure of a helium atom atomic structure of an oxygen atom

Review! Electron Cloud Orbits 1st orbit 2 electrons only 2nd orbit 6 electrons 3rd orbit 10 electrons

REVIEW! Isotopes are atoms of an element with different number of neutrons. An ion is an atom of an element that will have a positive or negative charge because it will lose or gain electrons or protons!

Review Two types of chemical bonding. Covalent – bonding of outer electrons Ionic – Bonding between metalloids and metals