1. Atoms
Inside The Atom

2. Scientist and The Atom
The idea of atoms didn’t appear over night. It has evolved as scientist conduct new experiments with new technology. Three very important scientist have helped build the idea of the atoms and what they look like. John Dalton, J.J. Thompson and Rutherford

3. John Dalton
John Dalton, an English school teacher, developed the following idea about matter.
Matter is made up of atoms
Atoms cannot be divided into smaller pieces
All the atoms of an element are exactly alike
Different elements are made of different kinds of atom.

4. J.J. Thomson
J.J. Thomson, an English physicist, in 1897 created some test to figure out what an atom He discovered the electron based on his experiments and research. The electron is the negative charge particle that surrounds the nucleus.

5. Ernest Rutherford
Ernest Rutherford created experiments to learn what the atom looked like a couple of years later.
He discovered that the atom had a nucleus.
The nucleus of the atom is where the proton and neutron are located.

6. Atoms Atoms are the smallest particles of all matter.
Matter is anything that takes up space and volume.
Atoms consists of 3 subatomic particles with different charges.
Protons are positive
Neutrons are neutral (no charge)
Electrons are negative

7. Atoms, matter and elements
Atoms have different parts. The center of the atom is called the nucleus. Located in the center are protons and neutrons. Surrounding the nucleus are electrons.

8. Models of the atom A model is a small version of something larger
Electrons
Neutrons and Protons
Electron “cloud”
nucleus

9. John Daltons Model of the Atom
He thought an atom looked like a hard sphere that was the same through out, like a tiny marble.

10. J.J. Thomson’s Model of the Atom
Thomson revised Dalton’s model and believed the atom was a sphere with evenly spread negative and positive charges.

11. Electron Cloud Model Few years later, a new model was created.
The electron cloud model is the current model of the atom.
Electron cloud is a region surrounding the nucleus in which electrons travel in.
It contains a nucleus
at the center with a electron
cloud surrounding it.
Electron Cloud

12. Atoms create Elements
Atoms of the same kind create elements. The different numbers of protons, neutrons and electron specify the type of element it creates. In order to organize all the elements the periodic table was created.

13. Periodic Table
Different elements have different kinds of atoms with different atomic numbers. Dmitri Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of their atomic number from smallest to largest in what is now known as the Periodic Table of Elements.

14. Atomic Mass and Mass Number
Atoms have an atomic number and a mass number.
The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons found in the nucleus.
The mass number is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons found in the nucleus of an atom.

15. Atomic mass and Mass number
Atomic mass Helium atom Is the number Of protons in The nucleus of An atom. Mass number is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Electrons
Electrons
Protons

16. Most atoms have the same number of protons, neutrons and electrons.
Helium has 2 proton, 2 neutron and 2 electron.
However some atoms don’t have the same number of protons, neutrons or electrons.
These atoms are called isotopes and ions.

17. Isotopes
An isotope is an atom of an element that has the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. An isotope is a heavier atom. Not all elements have isotopes.

18. Carbon
Carbon is an element that has different isotopes. This means that all of carbon’s atoms have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. This results in heavier and lighter versions of the element carbon.

19. Ions
An ion is an atom that does not have the same number of protons and electron. This gives that atom a negative or positive overall charge because of the unbalance number.

20. Ions
When an atom has more protons that electrons it has a positive charge because protons are positive. When an atom has more electrons that protons it has a negative charge because electrons are negative.

21. How an atom becomes an ION
An atom becomes an ion when it loses or gains an electron or a proton. This process can occur when the atoms transfer electrons or protons to create new substances.

22. Review!
Atomic mass Helium atom Is the number Of protons in The nucleus of An atom. Mass number is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Electrons
Electrons
Protons

23. Review! Atomic Structure
Protons and Neutrons are located in the nucleus. The nucleus is the center of the atom. Electrons surround the center in the electron cloud. The electron cloud is a series of orbits with different number of electrons depending on the atom.

24. Atomic Structure review
Atomic structure of a helium atom atomic structure of an oxygen atom

25. Review! Electron Cloud Orbits
1st orbit 2 electrons only 2nd orbit 6 electrons 3rd orbit 10 electrons