Waste Assessment Training for Businesses Austin Resource Recovery, City of Austin Scott Pasternak, SAIC Energy, Environment, and Infrastructure Seth Cunningham, STC Consulting Aiden Cohen, Austin Resource Recovery

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Agenda 9:00 amIntroductions and Importance of Business Waste Reduction 9:30 amIntroduction to Business Waste Assessment 11:00 amNetworking Lunch 11:30 amLocal Business Panel 12:30 pmCase Studies 1:00 pmConcluding Remarks 2

Importance of Business Waste Reduction

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. What is Zero Waste? 4 Zero Waste is a visionary goal that reduces consumption, minimizes waste, maximizes recycling and ensures that products are made to be reused, repaired or recycled. Success means diverting: 50% of materials from disposal by % by % by 2040

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. City of Austin’s Zero Waste Goal 5

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Whose Business is Picking Up HaulerTons/Year% City of Austin360,50025% Private Sector976,10068% Self hauled108,7007% Total1,445,300100% 6

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Based on information from CAPCOG, Regional Solid Waste Management Plan 2002 Discards 7

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Single-Stream: Efficient Materials Management Several Austin-area single-stream Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) – Customer: Fewer bins inside & out – “Right-size” landfill trash service to reduce cost – Simple and convenient: No need to separate glass, paper, metal – Hauler: Fewer trucks needed for collection – Next steps: 3-bin system for recycling, composting, and landfill trash 8

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Universal Recycling Ordinance (URO) Affected Properties 9 Affected Property Timetable Effective DateOffice Buildings & Institutions (sq. ft. of floor area) Multi-Family Properties (dwelling units) 2012More than 100,000More than More than 75,000More than More than 50,000More than More than 25,000 Affected commercial properties Commercial office buildings Medical facilities Religious buildings Private educational facilities Affected multi-family properties Apartments Condominiums Dormitories

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Universal Recycling Ordinance (URO) Recycle five materials – Paper (including mixed paper and office paper) – Cardboard – Aluminum cans – PETE and HDPE plastics (#1 and #2) – Glass bottles and jars Sufficient collection-container capacity – 6.4 gallons per apartment unit – 25% recycling capacity for commercial Signs in English and Spanish Tenant and employee education Submit annual Recycling Plans onlineRecycling Plans 10

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Single Use Carryout Bag Ordinance: Bring It Austin On March 1, 2013, the Single-Use Carryout Bag Ordinance became effective, which encourages reusable bags Businesses may offer several types of bags: 1.Plastic: 4mil thick with handles 2.Paper: made of 40% recycled content, with handles 3.Reusable bags: made of cloth or other fabric Sign Requirements Interior Signs at Point-of-Sale Exterior Signs at Parking Lot or Store Entrance 11

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Single Use Carryout Bag Ordinance: Bring It Austin Exemptions Laundry, newspaper, and waste bags Pharmaceutical and veterinarian bags Restaurant bags Paper bags for all products unless used to prevent moisture damage Non-Checkout Bags Produce bags, Bakery items, etc. Charity Non-Profits 12

Introduction to Business Waste Assessment

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. What is a Waste Assessment? Purpose: Gather, sort and sample discards to estimate: – Total amount of waste and recycling discarded – Quantity of materials that can be recycled or reused – Current and potential reductions in disposal costs Objectives: – Increase diversion, decrease cost – Identify composition and quantities of waste being generated – Analyze effectiveness of current waste management system – Collect baseline data such that improvements to system can be measured 14

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Why Conduct a Waste Assessment? Improve your bottom line – Right-size landfill trash and collection services for actual material flows – Estimate costs and expected benefits of waste reduction initiatives – Recruit and retain motivated employees – Identify materials to source separate and sell (i.e. office paper, scrap metal) Environmental certifications (i.e. LEED EBOM, Austin Energy Green Building, Austin Green Business Leaders) Confirm Federal, State, and Local requirements are met – Ensure appropriate collection service for refuse and recyclables – Identify materials that may become liabilities (i.e. hazardous materials) – Audit collection processes and waste diversion activities 15

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Types of Waste Assessments Physical assessment – Empty waste containers and physically sort and measure waste generated over a period of time – Measurements may be conducted by weight or volume Visual assessment – Visual estimation of waste composition – Empty waste onto a tarp or inspected inside the container 16

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Commodity Price Examples 17 Commodity Revenue Range (2011 Pricing) Newspaper $35-$125 per ton Corrugated Cardboard $35- $150 per ton Mixed Paper $20-$125 per ton Office Paper $100-$200 per ton Aluminum Cans $1,000-$1,750 per ton Steel Cans $100-$250 per ton Plastic #1 (PET) $400-$600 per ton Plastic #2 (HDPE) $500-$700 per ton

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. LEED Existing Buildings: Operation and Maintenance (EBOM) Requirements Waste assessments can be conducted to receive points toward LEED-EBOM Requirements of a waste assessment include: – Both landfill trash and recycle waste stream – Create a waste assessment worksheet to identify waste categories that reflect the material sources and existing hauler programs – Use weight (physical) or volume (visual) – Evaluate results and how waste can be reduced through source reduction, reuse, and recycling – Goals for minimizing waste and disposal costs 18 Austin Convention Center

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Step 1: Evaluate Current Waste Program Conduct a qualitative evaluation of current waste management practices – Discussions with key personnel responsible for waste management – Examination of waste and recycling records to understand historical service levels and cost of service – Walkthrough to observe waste generation, disposal, and recycling practices Identify generation points – Offices – Cafeteria – Break room/conference rooms – Shipping/receiving – Others Use Commercial Waste Program Questionnaire (see form) as a tool 19

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Step 1: Evaluate Current Waste Program Identifying Diversion Opportunities Contact your local recyclers – What will they accept and in what forms? – What types and sizes of containers do they provide? – What are the service rates? Other resources for recycling – Is there access to densifying equipment on site (e.g., compactor, baler) – Is there potential to “backhaul” recyclables to a warehouse or central distribution center? – Is there storage space on site? 20

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Step 2: Conduct the Waste Assessment Defining Material Categories Materials that may be recycled – Corrugated cardboard and chipboard – Newspaper – Other Paper: office paper, school paper, junk mail, magazines – Plastics #1 - #7 bottles and containers – Aluminum, steel, and tin cans – Glass containers – Organics: food Scraps, food-soiled paper, biodegradable – Other materials with identified market/processor: plastic film, scrap metal, rigid plastics, polystyrene 21

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Step 2: Conduct the Waste Assessment Defining Material Categories Materials that may be reduced or reused – Packaging – Bathroom tissue (e.g. replacing paper towels with hand dryers) Other Waste 22

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Step 2: Conduct the Waste Assessment Scheduling Considerations Determine representative date for assessment – Should be a “typical” day – Avoid scheduling near holidays – Avoid scheduling after cleanout days, office moves, etc. Schedule the waste assessment prior to collection service – Day before or the same day of the scheduled collection service – Assessment should represent materials collected over a period of time Plan for future waste assessments to evaluate program results (annual or semi-annual) 23

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Step 2: Conduct the Waste Assessment Ensuring a Successful Assessment Ensure management/property manager approval and buy-in Work with janitorial staff to stage sort areas Assign specific roles to team members – Photographer – Scribe – Sorter(s) – Scale operator (weight-based assessment) 24

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Step 2: Conduct the Waste Assessment Gathering Needed Equipment Gloves and safety goggles Heavy-duty shoes Camera (digital still and/or video) Sort tables Measuring tape Tarps Scale (weight-based assessment) Shovels/push brooms Clipboard, recording forms, pens, labels First aid kit Containers (rigid containers or plastic bags) 25

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Step 2: Conduct the Waste Assessment Determining Waste Composition 1.Gather equipment and personnel. 2.Estimate total volume of waste. Record the size of the container. Estimate the quantity by volume of waste in the container by specifying a percent full for the container. 3.Photograph container. Include exterior and contents. 4.Remove waste to sorting area. If you were unable to estimate the volume, measure the length, width, and height of the pile. 5.Photograph the pile. 26

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Step 2: Conduct the Waste Assessment Determining Waste Composition 6.Identify material categories present. Measure the actual discards by weight or volume. Physical sorting is optional. Note that bags may need to be torn. 7.Estimate composition. Beginning with the largest material category observed, estimate the percentage composition of this material category and record. You may choose to estimate volume or weigh each material. 8.Check and reconcile composition data. Verify each material category adds up to 100%. 27

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Step 3: Reporting Results 1.Uncovers opportunities for saving money and reduce discards 2.Right-size collection service levels (i.e. size, type, and frequency) 3.Recommend recycling programs for implementation or expansion 4.Estimate collection/disposal cost savings of implementing recommended waste and recycling programs 5.Identifies waste streams that can be eliminated by: working with suppliers changes to packaging or product design purchasing preferences 6.Establishes baseline to assess impact of new recycling initiatives 28

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Example: The Paper Company The Paper Company -Medium-sized business, 50 employees -Waste generated from 50 offices, 1 break room, 4 conference rooms, 2 bathrooms, 1 copy room, and common areas -Recycles aluminum cans only; staff takes recyclables home -Waste collected by janitorial staff -8 cubic yard Landfill Trash dumpsters; collected 5 times a week -75% full each day -$1000 per month for collection fees 29

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Example: The Paper Company Identify Material Categories Divertible (Recyclable) – Corrugated cardboard and chipboard – Newspaper – Office paper – Other recyclable paper: junk mail, magazines, catalogs – Plastics #1 - #7 bottles and containers – Aluminum, steel, and tin cans – Glass containers No diversion opportunities identified (at this time) – Organic materials – Other waste 30

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Waste Characterization - Example: The Paper Company 31

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Example: The Paper Company Identify Material Categories Divertible Materials Corrugated cardboard and chipboard13 cu.ft Newspaper3 cu.ft Office paper65 cu.ft Other recyclable paper8 cu.ft Plastics #1-#72 cu.ft Aluminum, steel, and tin cans2 cu.ft Glass containers2 cu.ft No diversion opportunities identified Organic materials16 cu.ft Non-divertible waste51 cu.ft 32

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. 33 Form 2 – Waste Composition Form

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Waste Composition Form - Example 34 Material Category Weight (lbs) or Volume (cu. ft.) Percentage of Waste Stream Estimated Quantity of Material per Week 1 OCC/Chipboard13 8.0%2.56 Newspaper3 1.9%0.61 Office Paper %12.83 Other Paper8 4.9%1.57 Plastics # %0.38 Aluminum, Steel Cans2 1.2%0.38 Glass Containers2 1.2%0.38 Organic Materials16 9.9%3.17 Waste %10.08 Total % 32 □ CY or □ Gallons 1.Estimated Quantity of Material per Week = Estimated Total Quantity Per Week x Estimated Percentage of Waste Stream. Total Capacity of Solid Waste Containers: 8 x 5 = 40 □ CY or □ Gallons Average Percent Full Prior to Collection: 75% Estimated Total Quantity Per Week: Total Capacity of Solid Waste Containers x Average Percent Full Prior to Collection = 32 CY (40 CY x 0.75)

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Form 3 – Collection/Disposal Costs Savings Form 35

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Form 3, Table 1 Estimated Quantity of Material Diverted - Example 36 Material Category Estimated Quantity of Material per Week 1 70% Diversion 2 100% Diversion 3 OCC/Chipboard Newspaper Office Paper Other Paper Plastics # Aluminum, Steel Cans Glass Containers Organic Materials Waste Total 32 □ CY or □ Gallons □ CY or □ Gallons □ CY or □ Gallons 1.Refer to Waste Composition Form for Estimated Quantity of Material per Week. 2.70% Diversion equals Estimated Quantity of Material per Week multiplied by 70% % Diversion equals Estimated Quantity of Material per Week multiplied by 100%.

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Form 3, Table 2 Current & Estimated Material Quantity per Week - Example 37 Current and Estimated Quantity of Material Collected/Disposed per Week 70% Diversion □ CY or □ Gallons 100% Diversion □ CY or □ Gallons Current Total Quantity of Material Collected/Disposed per Week 1 32 Estimated Total Quantity of Material Diverted per Week Estimated Total Collected/Disposed Quantity per Week with Increased Diversion Refer to Table 1: Estimated Quantity of Material Diverted Total Estimated Quantity of Material per Week. 2.Refer to Table 1: Estimated Quantity of Material Diverted Total 70% Diversion and Total 100% Diversion. 3.Estimated Total Collected/Disposed Quantity per Week with Increased Diversion = Current Total Quantity of Material Collected/Disposed per Week – Estimated Total Quantity of Material Diverted per Week.

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Form 3, Table 3 Recommended Collection Service Level - Example 38 Recommended Collection Service Level70% Diversion100% Diversion Container #1 Container Size __8__ □ CY or □ Gallons __8__ □ CY or □ Gallons RefuseCollection Frequency __3__ per week __2__ per week Container #2 Container Size __8__ □ CY or □ Gallons __8__ □ CY or □ Gallons RecyclingCollection Frequency __2__ per week __3__ per week Container #3 Container Size _____ □ CY or □ Gallons _____ □ CY or □ Gallons Collection Frequency _____ per week Container #4 Container Size _____ □ CY or □ Gallons _____ □ CY or □ Gallons Collection Frequency _____ per week Recommended Total Capacity of Weekly Service _40__ □ CY or □ Gallons _40__ □ CY or □ Gallons

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Form 3, Table 4 Estimated Collection/Disposal Savings 39 Estimated Collection/Disposal Savings 70% Diversion 100% Diversion Current Monthly Collection/Disposal Costs Recommended Collection/Disposal Costs 1 Collection/Disposal Savings 2 Recommended Recycling Collection Costs Revenues from the Sale of Recyclables Decrease in New Material Costs/ Avoided Purchases Other Savings and Revenues from Increased Diversion Total Estimated Monthly Collection/Disposal Savings 3 1.Recommended Collection/Disposal Costs based on Table 3: Recommended Collection Service Level. 2.Collection/Disposal Savings = Current Monthly Collection/Disposal Costs – Recommended Collection/Disposal Costs. 3.Total Estimated Monthly Collection/Disposal Savings = the sum of Collection/Disposal Savings, Revenues from the Sale of Recyclables, Decrease in New Material Costs/ Avoided Purchases, and Other Savings and Revenues from Increased Diversion.

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Cost-Benefit Analysis Cost-benefit, ROI, or payback period is unique for each company Implementation costs will depend on a number of factors: – Current refuse collection contract – Rates negotiated in recycling collection contract (including risk allocation for changes commodity prices) – Current and future commodity prices – Ability to “right size” containers during transition period If recycling is initially more expensive, it may change in the future: – As recycling market grows, collection and processing costs will be more competitive – If commodity prices continue to increase, there will be an increased benefit of diverting material – Landfills near cities are getting full and longer distances will increase disposal costs 40

Panel Discussion I.Panelist introductions II.Discussion III.Question and Answer

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Participant Introductions Chuck Smith, Owner Moonshine Patio and Grill and Hopdoddy Burger Bar Justin Murrill, Sustainability Manager Advanced Micro Devices 42

Case Studies

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Texas Instruments – Plano, TX Campus: Focus on Organics and Recycling 44 Description  937,000 sq. ft.  employees  80% diversion rate Food Scraps  Pre-consumer  Produce, meats, fish, oils, and dairy  Moving toward post-consumer Service Ware  All compostable  Evaluated food that is served  Low hanging fruit (e.g. stir sticks) Compostable to-go containers and educational signage at Texas Instruments

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Texas Instruments – Plano, TX Campus: Organics Collection 45 Collection containers –96-gallon carts –Indoor and outdoor –12-15 carts on-site Collection system –Carts used in food preparation areas –Wheeled down a ramp to collection area –“Staging” area for empty carts near kitchen

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Texas Instruments – Plano, TX Campus Diversion – Two carts per day (was six carts per day when program started) – 42 CY refuse compactor (pulled once per month) – 42 CY recycle compactor (pulled once per quarter) Disposal cost savings – Collection is performed at no charge – City offsets costs with revenue from compost sale 46

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Walters & Wolf Glass Walters & Wolf Glass (Fremont, CA) provides exterior glass and curtain-wall subcontracting services Recycling achievements include: – Increased recycling by 600%, 40 to 240 tons per month – Increased recycling results in diversion of 80% of their waste – Saved $15,700 annually in avoided landfill costs Recipient of StopWaste Partnership Business Efficiency Award 47

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Walters & Wolf Glass: Successful Steps to Saving Pairing recycling bins with trash bins at every work station Conducting initial employee training with quarterly follow-up Reusing steel racking, wooden pallets and skids, and expanded polystyrene (Styrofoam) Recycling paper, plastic film, strapping, foam, metal, sawdust, and wood Donating outdated silicone and other materials instead of discarding 48

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Case Study: Finelite Lighting Finelite Lighting (Union City, CA) assembles high efficiency lighting products Recycling achievements include: – Revamped existing recycling by adding metal and wood bins and increasing paper, cardboard, and beverage container recycling service – Reduced waste to landfill by 84% (110 to 18 tons per year) – Reduced garbage costs by 76%, which is almost $17,000 Honorable mention at the 2007 StopWaste Partnership Business Awards 49

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Case Study: Finelite Lighting Successful Steps to Saving Recycled cardboard, wire, shredded paper, office paper, metal and wood Increased capture of commingled recycling with their franchised hauler Initiated pallet reuse/recycling with a specialty recycler Incorporated recycling into their corporate culture through educational events and materials Took advantage of supply-chain efficiencies, waste prevention opportunities, and reuse opportunities Utilizing reusable totes for collection of off-spec material 50

SAIC.com © SAIC. All rights reserved. Scott Pasternak Tel: Seth Cunningham, PE Tel: Aiden Cohen Austin Resource Recovery | City of Austin Phone: