Architectural Housing Design & History Interior Design Chapter 5

Why is it important to study the history of architectural design when discussing interior design, architecture, and other similar topics? What do YOU Think?

Let’s take a look at some historical housing… Architectural designs have changes as peoples’ needs have changed (chapter 1 notes) and as technological advances have come about. Central heating and cooling systems Building materials can be transported to almost any location Let’s take a look at some historical housing… and how it has influenced housing today! Designs have become more complex and involved.

Native American Homes Similarities: Simple structures Dirt floors No windows No chimneys Little furniture Weapons, tools, other possessions stored on shelves or hung from walls Native American Homes

Native American Homes Wigwam Tepee Rounded wood frames covered with reed mats Tepee Cone-shaped tent covered with buffalo hides Easy to move Native American Homes

Native American Homes Longhouse Pueblos Trees bent to form a rectangular frame; covered with strips of overlapping bark Pueblos Houses built on top of each other into cliffs, caves, and level ground Native American Homes

The Early American Period 1640—1720 Let’s jump ahead and take a look at how things have advanced. We’re still pretty far back in history, but consider how things changed from the days of Native Americans to when colonists settled in America. Also keep in mind how housing designs from the past have changed, or have been carried into today’s architecture and design.

How many of you have been in or live in an older neighborhood? What do the houses look like? Are they all the same? Different? What characteristics do you like/dislike about them?

English Settlements First two successful colonies Jamestown, Virginia 1607 Plymouth, Massachusetts 1620 First permanent dwellings Half-timbered house Thatch roofs Covered with shingles or clapboards Chimney for fireplace(s) Half-timbered house—the wood frame of the house formed part of the outside wall. Spaces between beams were filled with brick or plaster. Thatch—bundles of reeds or straw. Shingles—thin, oblong pieces of material (wood) laid in overlapping rows to cover the roof and sides of a structure. Clapboards—boards with one edge thicker than the other laid in overlapping rows to protect the walls from the elements. English Settlements

English Style Homes

English Settlements Cape Cod House Saltbox House Garrison House Simple rectangle design Central chimney Pitched (Gabled) roof Saltbox House Two-story Pitched roof Garrison House Second story overhangs or projects from the first story (protection from attackers) Pitched roof—two-sided roof with a steep angle. Often called a gable roof because it forms triangular end walls, known as gables, on the house. English Settlements

English Style Homes

English Style Homes

German & Dutch Settlements Late 17th Century German Large, durable Wood and stone Enter into 1st floor kitchen Fireplace in center of 1st floor Family room opposite of fireplace Small bedrooms behind family room Dutch Stone and brick Some were 4-5 stories high Decorative brickwork Intricate stepped gables Gambrel roof design Dormers Dutch door Gambrel roof—two slopes on each side, the upper slop being flatter (smaller) than the lower slope. Allows interior space for full-sized upstairs rooms. Dormers—structures projecting through a steeply sloping roof. Allows more light to come in. Dutch door—a door divided in half horizontally. Allows top half to stand open while the bottom stays closed. https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTR4jap5DOR6CzokzdUvlcGEIdcY8aRrzaw2wMC-a-47qbQP-9drw German & Dutch Settlements

German & Dutch Style Homes

Swedish Settlements Log cabin “looked upon as a truly American building style” Logs were joined with notched corners Joints filled with clay, bark, or moss Length of a single log One room Sometimes 2 rooms with an attic above Bark or thatch roof Shingles used later Swedish Settlements

Swedish Style Homes

Spanish Settlements Early 1500s Florida and Southwest 17th Century Thick adobe walls Flat roofs Rough-hewn beams projecting through outside walls Deep-set windows 17th Century Outside of these houses covered with adobe, brick or stucco Rounded archways and windows Red tile roofs Porches and balconies around the outside Some homes had inner courtyards Adobe—bricks made from sun-dried clay Stucco—plaster material made with cement, sand, and lime Spanish Settlements

Spanish Style Homes

French Settlements Stone and wood High, steep roofs Small windows with heavy wooden shutters Protect against cold weather Covered porch around the house Helped keep house cool; protect against rain Raised houses Often 1 full story above ground Improve air circulation; protect from floods Often painted white Rooms had many doors and windows Air flow Later Galleries or roof balconies were added Posts were made of wood or iron French Settlements

French Style Homes

Recap… Why review architectural history? What can we learn from it? How does it relate to interior design? Should the interior match the exterior? Recap…

Now its your turn!! You may either work… Individually With a partner (will require double the work— individual x 2) Choose a Historical Housing Design to Research (partners choose 2) See Assignment Sheet for More Details Tomorrow  Meet in Computer Lab Now its your turn!!