 Also knows as Rhodophyta  One of the oldest eukaryotic algae  different species, mostly multicellular

 Characterized by having no flagella or centrioles  Use floridean starch as food  Phycobiliprotein accessory pigments (that’s what makes them red!)  Most red algae are marine and reproduce sexually, although their sperm are immobile and depend on currents  Red Algae are photosynthetic, and use CO2 or HCO3 depending on whether or not they are exposed to the atmosphere

 The oldest red algae fossil, Bangiomorpha pubescens, is also the oldest eukaryote fossil ever found, dating 1200 million years.  Red Algae is also a founding father of limestone reefs, starting with solenospores in the Cambrian Period  Red Algae have a double cell wall, the inner wall made of cellulose, and the outer wall composed of agar, which is used to make jelly

 Also known as Phaeophyceae  species which vary greatly from eachother  Typically exist in the Northern Hemisphere

 Brown algae belong to a large group, Heterokontophyta, of eukaryotic organism  Contain the pigment fucoxanthin, which makes them green-brown  Unique in that they develop differentiated tissues  Reproduce through flagellated spores and gametes

 Brown algae come in many different shapes and sizes, from the microscopic Ectocarpus to the 150 meter long Macrocystis pyrifera  Haploid brown algae form different forms of gametes, while diploid brown algae form zoospores  Their food reserves are typically complex polysaccharides and sugars

 Green algae are a large group of algae from which the higher plants emerged  Appear as unicellular or colonial flagellates, usually with two flagella per cell

 Green algae have chlorophyll a and b, giving them their green pigment, and have stacked thylakoids  Undergo open mitosis without centrioles  Used by other species to aid in their photosynthesis or paired symbiotically with fungi

 Evolved directly from cyanobacteria  Reproduce in several ways  Some unicellular cells undergo mitosis  Haploid algae cells fuse with one another to from long filaments of algae  Some large non-motile cells can be fertilized by a smaller motile one

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