Periodic Table Trends and Similarities. Periodic Trends Try to determine the trends by looking at the handouts provided.

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Presentation transcript:

Periodic Table Trends and Similarities

Periodic Trends Try to determine the trends by looking at the handouts provided.

Metallic Characteristic Trends Top to Bottom Left to Right IncreasesDecreases Conductivity Shininess Malleability Ductility

Reactivity Trends Top to Bottom Left to Right Increases with Metals Decreases with Nonmetals Decreases with Metals Increases with Nonmetals

Atomic Radius ½ the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms that are bonded together. 1. Energy level, n, as they go higher = larger 2. Proton – electron attraction = smaller

Atomic Radius Trends

Top to Bottom Left to Right IncreasesDecreases

Ionic Radius 1. Cations lose electrons, therefore they tend to be Positive Ions - Metals 2. Anions gain electrons, therefore they tend to be Negative Ions - Nonmetals

Ionic Radius Trends Electron – electron repulsion = Larger

Ionic Radius Trends MetalsNonmetals SmallerLarger

Electron Affinity The energy change that occurs when a neutral atom acquires an electron. Most electron affinity values are negative. Energy is released from the atom. Atoms that really want another electron tend to be more negative.

Electron Affinity Trends Top to Bottom Left to Right Decreases (less negative) Increases (more negative) Noble Gases = 0

Ionization Energy The energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom. The closer to the nucleus, the harder to pull the electron. The farther away, more interference from other electrons, therefore, the easier it is to pull the electron.

Ionization Energy Trends

Top to Bottom Left to Right DecreasesIncreases

Electronegativity A measurement of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons.

Generally, Ionization energy + Electron Affinity = Electronegativity Ionization energy + Electron Affinity = Electronegativity Most electronegative element – Fluorine (F) Most electronegative element – Fluorine (F) It is assigned the number 4 It is assigned the number 4 All other values are based on this value. All other values are based on this value.

Electronegativity Trends

Top to Bottom Left to Right DecreasesIncreases

Density Mass of a Material Divided by Volume of that Material

Density Trends

Top to Bottom Left to Right Increase Increases then Decreases

Boiling Point Temperature at which a system moves from the liquid state to the gaseous state. The external pressure pushing into the liquid is equal to the internal pressure pushing out of the liquid.

Melting Point The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid. The external pressure pushing into the solid is equal to the internal pressure pushing out of the solid.

Boiling Point Trends

Boiling/Melting Point Trends Top to Bottom Left to Right Increases except Groups 1, 2, 12, 13, 14 Increases then Decreases