1. Periodic Table Trends and similarities

2. Atomic Radius ½ the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms that are bonded together. 1. electron – electron repulsion = makes atom larger 2. proton – electron attraction = makes atom smaller 3. p + to e - attraction 1 million times stronger than e - to e - repulsion

3. Electron Affinity The energy change that occurs when a neutral atom acquires an electron. This electron affinity value is negative.

4. Ionization Energy: The energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom.

5. Electronegativity A measurement of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons.

6. Generally, Ionization energy + Electron Affinity = Electronegativity Ionization energy + Electron Affinity = Electronegativity Most electronegative element – Fluorine (F) Most electronegative element – Fluorine (F) It is assigned the number 4 It is assigned the number 4 All other values are based on this value. All other values are based on this value.

7. Density Mass of a material ____________________________ Volume of that material

8. Ionic Radius ½ the distance between the nuclei of two identical ions that are bonded together. Decreasing the number of electrons shrinks the ion size Isoelectric: two elements having the same electron configuration Increasing the number of electrons expands the ion size initially (see chart)

9. Periodic Trends Try to determine the trends by looking at the handouts provided.

10. Trends of the Periodic Table Top to BottomLeft to Right Atomic RadiusIncreasesDecreases Ionic RadiusIncreasesDecreases to Anions, Gets big, Decreases again DensityIncreasesIncreases then decreases ElectronegativityDecreasesIncreases Ionization EnergyDecreasesIncreases Electron AffinityDecreasesIncreases

11. Metal / Nonmetal Characteristics Metals Good conductors (heat & electricity) Good conductors (heat & electricity) Silver Silver Shiny (high luster) Shiny (high luster) Malleable Malleable Ductile Ductile Lose electrons (become cations) Lose electrons (become cations) Nonmetals Poor conductors (heat & electricity) Various colors Dull (low luster) Brittle Gain electrons (become anions)

12. Metallic Characteristics Top to Bottom Left to Right MetallicCharacteristicIncreasesDecreases Non-metallicCharacteristicsDecreasesIncreases