CHANGING VALUES & SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES

 Define the following in your own words….  Capitalism  Socialism  Utilitarianism  Utopia or Utopian BELL WORK 2/17

 an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.  Adam Smith wrote Wealth of Nations which endorsed laisse-faire economics CAPITALISM

 social and economic system characterized by social ownership of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy  Karl Marx writes the Communist Manifesto which argued that  Every conflict in history has been one between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat  Encouraged the proletariat to rise up & take control of the means of production in order to create a classless society. SOCIALISM OR COMMUNISM

 Commercial Farming – farming for a profit  Louis Pastuer proves Germ Theory to be true by using microscope goes on to invent vaccines for rabies and anthrax  Use of anesthesia & other medicine in hospitals allows for greater survival rates NEW TECHNOLOGY LEADS TO POPULATION EXPLOSION

 The Cult of domesticity  The idea that a woman’s proper place was in the home taking care of children and her husband  In general, women were still not able to:  own property  Vote  get a divorce  Get an education CHANGING VALUES AND ATTITUDES

 In the 1800s women in industrialized nations began fighting for a variety of rights  Women’s suffrage was the movement to get women the right to vote  Initially it was unsuccessful, politicians claimed that women were too emotional or vote or even worse should be ‘protected’ from grubby politics WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE

 Charles Darwin comes up with the theory of evolution after visiting the Galapagos islands.  Like Malthus, Darwin believed that animals produce more offspring than the food supply could support and therefore only those who were best adapted to the environment could survive – known as natural selection. ADVANCES IN SCIENCE

 Herbert Spencer applied Darwin’s idea of evolution and natural selection to human society  This became known as Social Darwinism and it led to widespread racism. HERBERT SPENCER & SOCIAL DARWINISM