بروتوكول الانترنت نظم تشغيل 1.

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بروتوكول الانترنت نظم تشغيل 1

المحتوى النموذج المرجعي للاتصال بين الأجهزة : نموذج OSI 1 1 النموذج المرجعي العملي للاتصال بالانترنت TCP/IP 2 3 عنونة IP

نموذج OSI التالي

نموذج OSI Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data-Link Physical

نموذج OSI

نموذج OSI

نموذج OSI

نموذج OSI

نموذج OSI لكل طبقة دور و مهام محددة تقوم بها لكل طبقة دور و مهام محددة تقوم بها الطبقة 1و 2 تحدد كل ما يتعلق بالمعدات و المكونات المادية اللازمة لبناء الشبكة الطبقة 3 و 4 مسؤولة عن الإتصالات بين الأجهزة الطرفية ,التي قد تكون على شبكات مختلفة , وكل ما يتعلق بنقل و ارسال البيانات فيما بينها الطبقة 5 هي المسؤولة عن تنظيم الحوار Dialog Control أي اختيارالأسلوب الذي يستخدمه نظامين على الشبكة لتبادل المعلومات تقوم الطبقة 6 بترجمة الصيغة بين الأنظمة المختلفة , عندما بقوم المستخدم بأي عملية على الجهاز فهذه الطبقة تكون مسؤولة عن ترجمة هذه العملية إلى لغة الكمبيوتر تقدم الطبقة 7 خدمات تستخدمها البرامج للوصول إلى الشبكة Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data-Link Physical 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

نموذج TCP / IP

Protocol البروتوكول هو ”لغة" الشبكة Protocol: عبارة عن مجموعة من الرسائل التي يتم تبادلها بين الأنظمة في تسلسل محدد من أجل إنجاز مهمة محددة في الشبكات.

نموذج TCP / IP كيف يشتغل بروتوكول التحكم في النقل / بروتوكول إنترنت

التالي

نموذج TCP / IP

TCP/IP Model Transport Internet Network Access Application Ethernet Token Ring HTTP FTP SMTP POP IMAP SNMP TCP/IP Protocol Suite TCP UDP IP ARP IGMP ICMP

TCP/IP Model - OSI Model TCP/IP Protocol Suite TCP/IP OSI TCP UDP ARP IGMP ICMP IP Application Transport Network Access HTTP FTP SMTP POP IMAP SNMP Network Data-Link Presentation Session Physical Internet Ethernet Token Ring

نموذج TCP / IP

نموذج TCP / IP

نموذج TCP / IP

نموذج TCP / IP

التالي

عنونة IP

Network Addresses Network Interface Card (NIC) is the hardware that enables a computer to connect to a network and it has two addresses: The IP address is a logical address that can be changed. The Media Access Control (MAC) address is "burned-in" or permanently programmed into the NIC when manufactured. The MAC address cannot be changed. 192 . 168 . 2 . 101 Slide 22 – IP Address Configuration 8.3.2 Describe IP addressing Manual IP address configuration In a network with a small number of hosts, it is easy to manually configure each device with the proper IP address. A network administrator who understands IP addressing should assign the addresses and should know how to choose a valid address for a particular network. To manually enter an IP address on a host, go to the TCP/IP settings in the Properties window for the Network Interface Card (NIC). The NIC is the hardware that enables a computer to connect to a network. It has an address called the Media Access Control (MAC) address. Whereas the IP address is a logical address that is defined by the network administrator, a MAC address is "burned-in" or permanently programmed into the NIC when it is manufactured. The IP address of a NIC can be changed, but the MAC address never changes. The main difference between an IP address and a MAC address is that the MAC address is used to deliver frames on the LAN, while an IP address is used to transport frames outside the LAN. A frame is a data packet, along with address information added to the beginning and end of the packet before transmission over the network. Once a frame is delivered to the destination LAN, the MAC address is used to deliver the frame to the end host on that LAN. Dynamic IP address configuration If more than a few computers comprise the LAN, manually configuring IP addresses for every host on the network can be time-consuming and prone to errors. In this case, the use of a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server would automatically assign IP addresses and greatly simplify the addressing process. Student Activity: The student course content includes worksheet, 8.3.2 Identify IP Address Classes. To complete this worksheet, students will specify the IP Address Class for each given IP address and mask. 03-A1-B0-01-0F-8C

عنونة IP

عنونة IP

كيفية استنتاج التدوين العشري من التدوين الثنائي 8 Bit Octet Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Decimal Value

فئات عناوين IP

فئات عناوين IP

فئات عناوين IP

فئات عناوين IP

فئات عناوين IP

فئات عناوين IP x w y z x w y z x w y z Class A Large network Network ID Host ID x w y z Class B Medium network Network ID Host ID 1 0 x w y z Network ID Host ID 1 1 0 x w y z Class C Small network

عنونة IP Only 1-126 is valid for Class A networks because network 127.0.0.0 is reserved. The IP address 127.0.0.1 is known as the "loopback" address, and is used to test that the TCP/IP is installed correctly

Subnet Mask

Subnet Mask

First Octet Address Range فئات عناوين IP IP Address Class High-Order Bits First Octet Address Range Mask Class A 0 ــ ــ ــ ــ ــ ــ ــ 0-127 255.0.0.0 Class B 1 0 ــ ــ ــ ــ ــ ــ 128-191 255.255.0.0 Class C 1 1 0 ــ ــ ــ ــ ــ 192-223 255.255.255.0

عنونة IP

عنونة IP عناوين IP يمكن أن تكون : ساكنة عناوين يتم تعيينها يدويا ولا تتغير بمرور الوقت ديناميكية عناوين يتم تعيينها تلقائيا لفترة محددة من الوقت، وربما تتغير

TCP/IP Utilities Command Description Hostname ipconfig Ipconfig /all Displays the hostname (computer name) ipconfig Displays the host IP address, subnet mask, default gateway Ipconfig /all Displays details Ipconfig /renew Renewing the IP address Ipconfig /release Releasing IP address Ping Test the connectivity Tracert Trace IP address Route Pathping Trace IP address Route and displays the lost packets arp Display Resolved MAC Addresses Netstat Displays the TCP/IP protocol sessions nslookup Display the DNS server Name and IP Address

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